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[目的]分析社区老年人跌倒的危险因素,为政府及相关部门制定干预措施提供科学依据。[方法]采用概率与规模成比例抽样方法,在某街道随机抽取60岁以上老年居民1 967人为跌倒回顾性调查对象,在单因素分析结果的基础上应用Logistic多因素分析致使老年人跌倒的危险因素。[结果]在1 967名调查对象中,跌倒伤害发生率为2.54%;其中男性跌倒发生率为1.68%,女性跌倒发生率为3.35%。单因素分析表明,年龄、性别、视力状况、有无慢性疾病、步态水平等与老年人跌倒相关(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素分析表明,女性、年龄75岁以上、文盲、无配偶、睡眠质量差、视力差、患有2种及以上慢性病、室内存在危险环境和步态异常等9个因素是社区老年人跌倒的主要危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。[结论]社区老年人跌倒受多种因素影响,应立足于预防。
[Objective] To analyze the risk factors of falls of the elderly in the community and provide a scientific basis for the government and relevant departments to make interventions. [Methods] Using probability and scale proportional sampling method, 1 967 elderly residents over the age of 60 were randomly selected in a street for retrospective investigation. Based on the results of univariate analysis, Logistic multivariate analysis was used to analyze the risk of falls in the elderly factor. [Results] Among the 1 967 respondents, the incidence of falls was 2.54%. Among them, the incidence of falls in men was 1.68% and the incidence of falls in women was 3.35%. Univariate analysis showed that age, gender, visual acuity, presence or absence of chronic diseases, and gait levels were associated with falls in the elderly (P <0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that 9 factors such as female age 75 years or older, illiteracy, no spouse, poor sleep quality, poor eyesight, 2 or more chronic diseases, dangerous indoor environment and abnormal gait were the causes of falls The main risk factors (OR> 1, P <0.05). [Conclusion] The fall of community elderly is affected by many factors and should be based on prevention.