谷类食物是我们的主食,三餐不可缺少,谷类易消化吸收、价格便宜,是人体最重要最经济的能量来源,也是蛋白质、一些矿物质和B族维生素的重要来源。粮谷类主要包括米、面、玉米、小米、燕麦、高粱和荞麦等。老年人胃肠功能差,应注意选择易消化的食物,但食物不宜过精,应注意粗细合理搭配。目前,人们多以精白米面为主食,精白米面有较好的感官性状,消化吸收率较高,但维生素和矿物质的损失多,因为维生素B_1主要存在于谷类的外层,如谷皮、糊粉层和谷粒盾片中均含有丰富的维生素B_1,因加工过精而使这些营养素在研磨时与谷皮同时被去除,营养素的丢失量随着加工精细度增加而增加。如果长期食用 Cereal is our staple food, an indispensable meal, cereal easy to digest and absorb, cheap, is the body’s most important and economical source of energy, but also an important source of protein, some minerals and B vitamins. Cereals mainly include rice, flour, corn, millet, oats, sorghum and buckwheat. Poor gastrointestinal function in the elderly, should pay attention to choose digestible food, but the food should not be too refined, should pay attention to the thickness with a reasonable. At present, people mostly use polished rice as the staple food, while refined white rice has better sensory characteristics, higher digestion and absorption rate, but more losses of vitamins and minerals because vitamin B 1 mainly exists in the outer layers of cereals such as cereal , Aleurone layer and grain shield are rich in vitamin B_1, due to the processing of these nutrients so that these nutrients are removed while grinding and the same time, the loss of nutrients with the increase of processing sophistication. If long-term consumption