中欧、东欧国家的卫生保健系统受前苏联影响,在九十年代初期都沿袭了苏联管理模式。过去医院硬件水平较高,其医院床位比较多。现在由于卫生预算削减,过去的优势已大为削弱。要发展成为现代化的、适合人民健康需要的医院体系步履维艰。若医院建设和运行都指望政府的扶持,那么医院变革会遇到许多困难。本文探讨了中、东欧及前苏联国家重建医院体系的经历。 The health care system in Central and Eastern European countries was influenced by the former Soviet Union. In the early 1990s, it followed the Soviet Union management model. In the past, the level of hospital hardware was high, and there were more hospital beds. Now that the health budget has been cut, the advantages of the past have been greatly weakened. To develop into a modern hospital system that suits the needs of people’s health is struggling. If the construction and operation of the hospital all rely on the support of the government, then hospital reform will encounter many difficulties. This article explores the experiences of rebuilding hospital systems in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.