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国家赔偿制度的基本原则是一个国家赔偿制度建立和完善的基本纲领和标准,它具有指导性价值、评测性价值、约束性价值和弥补性价值。在理论和实践中,国家赔偿制度应该坚持法定性原则、平等性原则、及时性原则、自然正义原则和公开公平原则。然而,中国的国家赔偿制度现状却存在诸多与基本原则向背离的问题,这些问题严重影响了国家赔偿制度功能的发挥。因此,在立法、执法过程中依基本原则完善国家赔偿制度势在必行。
The basic principle of the state compensation system is the basic program and standard for the establishment and improvement of a national compensation system. It has the guiding value, the evaluation value, the binding value and the remedial value. In theory and practice, the state compensation system should uphold the principle of legality, equality, timeliness, the principle of natural justice and the principle of openness and fairness. However, the status quo of China’s state compensation system has many problems deviating from the basic principles. These problems have seriously affected the function of the state compensation system. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the state compensation system according to the basic principle in the process of legislation and law enforcement.