国有企业的改革发展属于世界性的难题。考察当下的中国国有经济状况,不难发现,从来没有哪种经济形态会像国有经济那样承载有如此众多的争议和诘难:它的前世今生,它的功过是非,可谓攻辩交织、毁誉不一。一方面,它的地位特殊、作用特别,对国民经济功高卓著、贡献巨大;另一方面,它在其体制、机制、管制诸方面,存在先天不足、后天失调的沉 The reform and development of state-owned enterprises is a worldwide problem. Examining the current situation of China’s state-owned economy, it is not hard to see that there has never been any kind of economic form that would carry so many controversies and difficulties like the state-owned economy: its past lives and its merits and demerits, its merits and demerits, one. On the one hand, its special status and special role have contributed tremendously to the outstanding achievements of the national economy. On the other hand, it has inherent deficiencies in its system, mechanism and control.