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本试验以‘红露珍’山茶为实验材料,分别研究了蕾期(I)、花瓣露出(II)、花冠微展(III)、花冠完全展开(IV)和落地花冠(V)等5个阶段花瓣和雄蕊等部位气孔的分布特点及其动态变化。结果发现,花瓣基部的上下表皮、雄蕊管的内外表皮均有气孔分布。在每个阶段,花瓣基部上表皮的气孔器长度极显著大于下表皮的气孔器长度(P<0.01)。当山茶花冠微展时,下表皮的气孔开度为(2.5±0.3)μm,而当花冠展开时,下表皮的气孔开度却为(0.9±0.3)μm;上表皮的气孔开度在整个发育过程中未发生显著性的改变,其平均开度为(4.3±0.3)μm。在每个阶段,花瓣下表皮的表皮细胞密度大于上表皮的表皮细胞密度。雄蕊管内外表皮上的气孔在各阶段均维持较大的气孔开度。气孔的不均等分布、气孔开度的变化、表皮细胞的差速生长都可能与花瓣的展开有关。
In this study, we used ’Hongluozhen’ camellia as the experimental material to study the effects of bud stage (I), petal exposure (II), corolla micro spreading (III), corolla complete unfolding Stomatal characteristics of petal and stamens stomata and their dynamic changes at stages. The results showed that the upper and lower epidermis of the petal base staminal tube stomatal distribution both inside and outside the stomata. At each stage, the stomatal length of the epidermis on the base of the petal was significantly greater than the stomatal length of the lower epidermis (P <0.01). The stomatal opening of the lower epidermis was (2.5 ± 0.3) μm when the camellia was slightly spread, whereas the stomatal opening of the lower epidermis was (0.9 ± 0.3) μm when the corolla was unfolded; No significant changes occurred during the development, the average opening was (4.3 ± 0.3) μm. At each stage, the epidermal cell density of the lower petal epidermis is greater than the epidermal cell density of the epidermis. Stomata inside and outside the epidermis stomata in each stage are to maintain a larger stomata opening. Uneven distribution of stomata, changes in stomatal opening, differential growth of epidermal cells may be related to the development of petals.