人类利用河流从事航运已有几千年历史。各资本主义国家在工业革命过程中几乎都经历过内河航运鼎盛时期。但十九世纪中叶后,河运为现代化的铁路运输所取代,变得衰微不振。本世纪三十年代以来,河流众多的发达国家又相继在防洪或发电的带动下,大规模地整饬河道,重振河运。特别是在二次大战以后,随着国际环境转为相对稳定,各国交通运输呈现出错综发展的新局面,使称雄于各国内部交通的铁路运输面临公路的汽车运输、沿海的船舶运输、民用航空运输、管道运输及复兴的现代 Humankind has been using the river for shipping for thousands of years. Almost all capitalist countries have experienced the heyday of inland river shipping during the industrial revolution. After the mid-nineteenth century, river transport was replaced by modern rail transport and became sluggish. Since the 1930s, developed countries with many rivers have successively led the river to revitalize rivers by flood control or power generation. Especially after the Second World War, as the international environment turned relatively stable, the transportation in all countries showed a new situation of intricate development so that the railway transportation, which dominates the internal transportation of various countries, faces the problems of motor transport by road, shipping by sea, civil aviation Transport, pipeline transport and rejuvenation of the modern