目的阐明模拟失重下，不同部位动脉血管的结构是否会发生不同性质的重塑变化，这些变化是否可逆。方法用ｖａｎＧｉｅｓｏｎＯｒｃｅｉｎ染色法观察了尾部悬吊４ｗｋ（ＳＵＳ４）、悬吊４ｗｋ后恢复１ｗｋ（ＲＥＣ１）、及对照（ＣＯＮ）大鼠后肢和头颈部动脉血管的形态学改变。结果股动脉及胫前动脉：与ＣＯＮ比较，ＳＵＳ４组的内径（ｄ）与中膜面积（Ａ）均显著减小（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＲＥＣ１组的ｄ与Ａ尚未完全恢复，但差别已不显著。位于头颈部的颈总动脉与基底动脉的变化恰相反：与ＣＯＮ相比，ＳＵＳ４组的ｄ与Ａ均显著增大（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＲＥＣ１组的ｄ与Ａ尚未完全恢复。结论模拟失重下，后身的动脉血管可发生萎缩性变化，而在头颈部则为肥厚性变化；解除模拟失重１ｗｋ后仅见部分恢复，提示此种变化是可逆的。 Objective To elucidate whether remodeling changes of different properties occur in arterial blood vessels in different parts under simulated weightlessness and whether these changes are reversible. Methods The morphological changes of hind limbs and head and neck arteries were observed with van GiesonOrcein staining at 4wk (SUS4), 1wk after 4wk suspension (REC1), and in control (CON) rats. Results The femoral artery and anterior tibial artery: compared with CON, the inner diameter (d) and media area (A) of SUS4 group were significantly decreased (P <0.05, P <0.01) The d and A have not yet fully recovered, but the difference is not significant. In the head and neck of the common carotid artery and basilar artery changes in the opposite: compared with the CON, SUS 4 group d and A were significantly increased (P <0.05, P <0.01); REC 1 Groups d and A have not fully recovered yet. Conclusions Arterial blood vessels of the posterior body may undergo atrophic changes under simulated weightlessness, whereas hypertrophy may occur at the head and neck. Only partial recovery after 1 wk of simulated weightlessness release suggests that such changes are reversible.