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作为以大地为中心的文学、文化批评范式,生态批评发轫于20世纪70年代前期,成熟于90年代中期并成为有影响的学派。其发展历程大体可划分为两个阶段:第一阶段是生态中心主义型生态批评学派的创立及其理论建构时期(1972—1997年),第二阶段是环境公正生态批评的形成与发展时期(1997年以后),其主张在坚守环境公正诉求的大前提下,与前期生态批评开展对话,凸显种族视野,融合阶级和性别视野,接纳生态中心主义视野,以揭示环境经验的多样性与环境问题的艰巨复杂性,探寻走出环境困局的多元文化路径。
As a literary and cultural criticism paradigm centered on the earth, ecological criticism began in the early 1970s and matured in the mid-1990s and became an influential school. Its development process can be roughly divided into two stages: the first stage is the creation of Ecocentric ecocriticism school and its theoretical construction period (1972-1997), the second stage is the formation and development of environmental justice criticism ( 1997), advocating dialogues with earlier ecocriticism under the major premise of adhering to environmental justice demands, highlighting ethnic perspectives, integrating class and gender perspectives and adopting ecocentric horizons to reveal the diversity of environmental experience and environmental issues Of the arduous complexity of exploring the multi-cultural path out of the dilemma of the environment.