食管癌是一种常见的消化道恶性肿瘤,预后差。在我国,食管癌的发病率和死亡率呈逐年升高的趋势,据统计,国人罹患食管癌者5年生存率仅有20%左右。目前该病病因病机尚不明确。研究表明,其发生与遗传易感、环境、免疫、心理状态等多种因素有关。笔者复习有关文献,从食管癌研究的分子水平,如原癌基因激活、抑癌基因失活以及细胞凋亡相关基因异常等方面,就食管癌相关基因改变及表达的研究进展作一综述。 Esophageal cancer is a common gastrointestinal cancer, the prognosis is poor. In China, the incidence of esophageal cancer and mortality showed a trend of rising year by year, according to statistics, people suffering from esophageal cancer 5-year survival rate of only about 20%. The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease is not yet clear. Studies have shown that its occurrence and genetic predisposition, environment, immunity, psychological status and other factors. The review of the literature, the molecular level of esophageal cancer research, such as protooncogene activation, tumor suppressor gene inactivation and apoptosis-related gene abnormalities, etc., on esophageal cancer-related gene changes and expression of research progress are reviewed.