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每一种语言和方言的语音都是成系统的,表现为各自的语音格局(sound pattern)。声调是语言中能起区别意义作用的音高变化,是汉语语音系统的重要特征之一。前人从声学的角度对汉语普通话声调格局进行了诸多研究。而在实际的语音交际过程中,除了声学因素外,生理、听觉、心理因素对语音的传递过程有着综合影响。在交际中人们之所以能分别出不同的调类,或将不同具体音高值的音听归为同一调类,说明声调的听觉感知也是系统性的,有着各自不同的听觉感知格局。本文通过听觉感知实验,对双字组中的声调表现进行考察,研究汉语普通话声调的听觉感知范畴,进而通过相对化、归一化的分析方法探讨声调听感系统特征,构建声调听感格局,并进一步讨论普通话声调听觉感知的影响因素。
The pronunciation of each language and dialect is systematic and manifested as its own sound pattern. Tone is a change in pitch that can play a distinctive role in speech and is one of the important features of the Chinese phonetic system. Many scholars conducted a lot of studies on the pattern of Mandarin Chinese tone from the perspective of acoustics. In the actual process of speech communication, in addition to acoustic factors, physiological, auditory and psychological factors have a comprehensive impact on the process of speech transmission. In communication, people can distinguish different tone classes or classify the tones of different specific pitch values into the same tone, which shows that the auditory perception of tones is also systematic and has different auditory perception patterns. Through the auditory perception experiment, this paper investigates the tone performance in the double-word group, studies the auditory perception category of Mandarin Chinese tone, and then discusses the system of tone-based auditory sense through the relative and normalized analysis methods to construct the tone- And further discuss the influencing factors of auditory perception of Mandarin tone.