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深圳市是以外向型经济为主的经济特区,外向型经济成份占整体经济成份达八成左右。来料加工和“三资”经济又是外向型经济的主要支柱,如1994年这两类外商直接投资经济的出口总额就占全市出口总值的86.44％。但近年来,人们一直存在着轻视来料加工的倾向,片面地认为只有“三资”才是外商投资的理想形式,进而认为,要实现深圳市外商投资经济的产业升级,就只有发展“三资”,及早淘汰来料加工。由于认识偏差和政策宣传导向作用,给深圳来料加工经济发展带来了一些不良后果。1995年下半年,深圳市委市政府调整了来料加工政策,加大了治理“三乱”力度,大大优化了外商投资环境,使来料加工经济滑坡的趋势得到了控制。但目前仍有不少人对来料加工和“三资”经济的作用和相互关系问题认识模糊。澄清认识,研究相应对策,对于促进深圳市外向型经济发展具有重大现实意义。为此,本文就相关问题进行探讨。 一、经济关系的比较与分析 (一)经营实质比较 一个企业的经营实质如何主要反映在企业的产权构成、经营管理权归属和收益分配方式三个方面。 目前深圳市来料加工企业已不是国家原来定义的中方企业了,大多数由外方直接独立投入资金、引进设备、在当地租用厂房、雇请劳工,并且直接控制内部经营管理和供销渠道及支配经营?
Shenzhen is a special economic zone based on an export-oriented economy. Its export-oriented economy accounts for about 80% of the overall economic output. The processing and the “three-capital” economy are also the main pillars of the export-oriented economy. In 1994, the total export value of these two types of foreign direct investment economy accounted for 86.44% of the city’s total export value. However, in recent years, there has always been a tendency to underestimate the processing of materials. One-sidedly, only “three sources of capital” is the ideal form of foreign investment. In turn, it is believed that in order to realize the industrial upgrading of the foreign-funded economy in Shenzhen, only “three Capital ”, early processing out of processing. Due to the misunderstanding and policy-oriented publicity, it has brought some adverse consequences to the economic development of processing in Shenzhen. In the second half of 1995, the municipal government of Shenzhen Municipality adjusted the policy on materials processing, intensified efforts to govern “three chaos” and greatly optimized the environment for foreign investment, so that the trend of declining processing economy was controlled. However, there are still many people who are vague about the role and relationship between processing and the “three-capital” economy. Clarifying and understanding the relevant countermeasures has great practical significance for promoting the development of the export-oriented economy in Shenzhen. To this end, this article discusses the related issues. I. Comparison and Analysis of Economic Relations (I) Comparison of the Operational Essences How the essence of the operation of an enterprise is mainly reflected in the three aspects of the composition of the enterprise’s property right, the ownership of the operation and management power and the revenue distribution mode. At present, the processing and processing enterprises in Shenzhen are no longer the Chinese enterprises originally defined by the state. Most of them are directly and independently invested by foreign parties, introducing equipment, renting factories in the area, hiring workers, and directly controlling the internal operation and management, the supply and marketing channels and the dominating management ?