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目的分析麻疹监测患者血清学与病原学检测结果,为麻疹监测患者的早期诊断提供实验室支持。方法选取2013年1月至2014年12月,北京市昌平区报告的麻疹监测患者,进行血清学和病原学方法检测。结果 2013年,北京市昌平区报告麻疹监测患者血清学阳性率41.89%(31/74),病原学阳性率72.97%(54/74),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=14.620,P=0.000)。2014年报告监测患者血清学阳性率49.54%(160/323),病原学阳性率70.55%(230/326),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=28.980,P=0.000)。血清样本采集岀疹6d阳性率76.92%(10/13),3d阳性率75.00%(30/40));采集岀疹当日病原学样本的阳性检出率最高,85.71%(18/21)。血清样本检测灵敏度为61.04%(188/308),病原学样本检测灵敏度为91.23%(281/308)。结论麻疹监测患者进行病原学检测阳性率、灵敏度高于血清学检测,更适合作为常规麻疹监测工作的首选采样方法。就诊当日对麻疹监测患者采集咽拭子样本,岀疹3~6d后采集血清样本。
Objective To analyze the serological and etiological detection results of measles surveillance patients and provide laboratory support for the early diagnosis of measles surveillance patients. Methods From January 2013 to December 2014, measles surveillance patients reported in Changping District of Beijing were selected for serological and etiological detection. Results In 2013, the seropositive rate of measles surveillance was 41.89% (31/74) in Changping district of Beijing. The positive rate of etiology was 72.97% (54/74), the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 14.620, P = 0.000). The positive rate of seroprevalence in the 2014 report was 49.54% (160/323), and the positive rate of etiology was 70.55% (230/326). The difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 28.980, P = 0.000). Serum samples were collected for herpetic 6d, the positive rate was 76.92% (10/13), and the rate of 3d was 75.00% (30/40)). The highest positive rate was 85.71% (18/21) on the etiological samples collected on the day. The detection sensitivity of serum samples was 61.04% (188/308), and the detection sensitivity of pathogenic samples was 91.23% (281/308). Conclusion The positive rate and sensitivity of pathogen test in measles surveillance patients are higher than that of serological tests, which is more suitable as the sampling method of routine measles surveillance. On the day of treatment, the throat swab samples were collected from the measles monitoring patients and the serum samples were collected from 3 to 6 days after the measles.