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理想的言语情境是哈贝马斯确保交往行为者之间能够达成理性共识的基本装置,在哈贝马斯早期语言哲学思想中占据着重要地位。理想的言语情境产生的缘由在于破解理性共识论证过程中的无限循环链条,进而引出有关理想的言语情境基本内容的阐释。它的主要功能在于:一是为交往行为排除来自现实世界的外在阻碍;二是为交往行为排除来自交往结构自身的内在强制。界定它的性质的立足点在于它的三个显著特点:介于先验性和经验性之间,介于调节性和构成性之间,介于形式性和内容性之间。对理想的言语情境的批判从以下三个方面入手:对必要性的批判,对可能性的批判,对明晰性的批判。
The ideal speech situation is the basic device by which Habermas can ensure that the communicators can reach a rational consensus and occupies an important position in Habermas’s early philosophy of language. The reason why the ideal speech situation arises lies in breaking the endless chain of circulation in the process of rational consensus argumentation, and then leads to the interpretation of the basic content of the ideal speech situation. Its main functions are: one is to exclude external obstacles from the real world for intercourse behavior; the other is to exclude the inherent coercion from intercourse structure itself for intercourse behavior. The foothold that defines its nature lies in its three salient features: between transcendental and empirical, between regulatory and constitutional, and between formalism and content. The critique of the ideal speech situation begins with three aspects: the critique of necessity, the critique of possibility and the critique of clarity.