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以长江中下游武陵山区女儿寨小流域为研究区,基于数据观测积累及实地调查采样等方法,计算了研究区降雨侵蚀力、土壤可蚀性等因子,运用GIS与RUSLE评价了流域土壤侵蚀强度并分析了其与土地利用方式、海拔高度的关系。结果表明,流域平均土壤侵蚀强度为788.44t/(km2.a),属微度侵蚀,流域面积95.18%的范围发生轻度以下的侵蚀,强烈以上侵蚀仅占1.19%。从土地利用类型来看,耕地、果园侵蚀强度较大,均达到中度侵蚀,有林地除竹林地为轻度侵蚀外均属微度侵蚀,耕地、果园、竹林地是今后水土流失防治的主要地类。不同海拔高度中,低海拔(200～400m)区域侵蚀量占到流域侵蚀总量的64.42%,是水土流失防治的重点地带。研究为应用修正通用土壤流失方程在武陵山区进行土壤侵蚀评价提供范例,为研究区防治土壤侵蚀和流域管理规划决策提供相应参考。
Taking the Dalaid minority watershed of Wuling Mountain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as a study area, factors such as rainfall erosivity and soil erodibility were calculated based on data observation accumulation and field survey sampling. GIS and RUSLE were used to evaluate the soil erosion intensity And analyzed its relationship with land use patterns and altitude. The results showed that the average soil erosion intensity of the basin was 788.44t / (km2.a), which was slightly eroded. The area below 95.18% of the drainage area was slightly eroded, while the above erosion was only 1.19%. From the perspective of land use types, the erosion intensity of cultivated land and orchard is large, all of them reach moderate erosion. There is slight erosion except woodland for light erosion, while cultivated land, orchard and bamboo forest are the main prevention and control measures for future soil and water loss gentle. At different altitudes, the erosion in low altitude (200 ~ 400m) area accounts for 64.42% of the total basin erosion, which is the key area for soil erosion prevention and control. The research provides an example for applying the modified generalized soil loss equation to evaluate soil erosion in Wuling Mountain Area, and provides references for the prevention and control of soil erosion and watershed management planning in the study area.