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白云鄂博矿床分布在内蒙地轴北部边缘的过渡带。含矿岩系为元古代海相沉积碳酸盐、碎屑岩建造,主要由石英岩、白云岩和板岩组成,其中白云岩是矿体围岩。 矿床受东西向向斜构造控制。向斜以北为一大背斜构造,沿轴部被断层破坏,出露有古老的片麻岩和片岩。向斜以南的背斜构造轴部有海西期黑云母花岗岩侵入,使背斜构造轴部遭受破坏。
The Bayan Obo deposit is located in the transition zone between the northern margin of Inner Mongolia axis. The ore-bearing rocks are of Proterozoic marine sedimentary carbonate and clastic rocks, and are mainly composed of quartzite, dolomite and slate, in which dolomite is the ore body surrounding rock. The deposit is controlled by the east-west syncline structure. A large anticline to the north of the syncline is fault-damaged along the axis, revealing ancient gneiss and schist. The anticline structure axis to the south of the syncline invades the Hercynian biotite granites, causing the destruction of the anticlinal axis.