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海冰灾害一直是冬季困扰中国渤海和黄海的最主要的海洋灾害之一。近10 a来,随着社会经济的不断发展,渤海的海冰灾害呈现出新的特点。运用近10 a的冰情、气象以及社会经济统计等数据,对2004年以来渤海海水灾害特征进行了分析。结果显示:莱州湾地区气温、寒潮、结冰期等引起的海冰面积与冰厚增大是致灾因子危害性增大的主要原因,其单位经济密度的不断增大以及渔业产业结构的单一化是承载体暴露性增大的主要特征。因此,近10 a来莱州湾地区成为环渤海地区海冰灾害的重灾区。未来应当重点加强莱州湾地区海冰灾害的防御性措施,改善海洋经济的产业结构,培育引进抗低温养殖品种,从而降低海冰灾害的损失。
Sea ice disasters have been one of the major marine disasters plaguing the Bohai and Yellow Seas in China in winter. In the recent 10 years, with the continuous development of economy and society, sea ice disasters in the Bohai Sea have shown new characteristics. Using the data of icy, meteorological and socio-economic statistics in the recent 10 years, the characteristics of seawater disasters in the Bohai Sea since 2004 have been analyzed. The results show that the increase of sea ice area and ice thickness caused by the temperature, cold wave and freezing period in Laizhou Bay is the main reason for the increased hazard of disaster-causing factor. The unit density of economy and the single Is the main feature of the carrier increased exposure. Therefore, in the past 10 years, the Laizhou Bay area has become the hardest hit by the sea ice disasters in the Bohai Sea region. The future should focus on strengthening the defensive measures of sea ice disasters in the Laizhou Bay area, improve the industrial structure of the marine economy, cultivate the introduction of anti-low temperature cultured species, thereby reducing the loss of sea ice disasters.