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目的对上海市杨浦区中学生进行自行车伤害干预,探讨预防和控制中学生自行车伤害发生的措施和方法。方法从上海市杨浦区中学生自行车伤害现况调查的7所中学中,随机抽取2所作为干预学校,另外5所作为对照学校。对干预学校的1 823名学生实施以健康教育、制度管理、严格执法以及环境改造等综合干预措施,对照组学校的2 306名学生不采取任何干预措施。1 a后,比较2组学生干预前后自身及相互预防控制自行车伤害知信行及发生率的变化。结果干预组学生的交通安全知识平均得分由干预前的9.08分增加到干预后的10.32分(P<0.01),骑车违章率由97.20%下降到94.94%(P<0.01),态度、信念各指标明显提高,自行车伤害发生率由7.46%下降到2.19%(P<0.01);对照组知识得分前后基本保持在8.49分,骑车违章率由97.09%下降到96.81%,自行车伤害发生率由6.85%下降到5.67%,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预的效益-费用比值为3.02∶1。结论以宣传教育、制度管理、严格监督执法以及环境改造为主的综合干预措施能有效预防和控制学生自行车伤害的发生。
Objective To investigate the bicycle injury intervention among middle school students in Yangpu district of Shanghai and discuss the measures and methods to prevent and control the bicycle damage among middle school students. Methods From 7 secondary schools surveyed by bicycle accident of middle school students in Yangpu district of Shanghai, two were randomly selected as intervention schools and the other five as control schools. A total of 1,823 students in intervention schools were given comprehensive interventions such as health education, system management, strict law enforcement and environmental reform. No intervention was taken by 2,306 students in the control school. After 1 year, we compared the changes of cognitive impairment and incidence of bicycle injury between themselves and each other before and after intervention. Results The average score of students’ traffic safety knowledge in intervention group increased from 9.08 points before intervention to 10.32 points after intervention (P <0.01), and the rate of bicycle violation decreased from 97.20% to 94.94% (P <0.01) The score of bicycle injury decreased from 7.46% to 2.19% (P <0.01). The score of control group kept at 8.49 before and after the scoring, the rate of bicycle violation decreased from 97.09% to 96.81%, and the incidence of bicycle injury increased from 6.85 % Down to 5.67%, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The benefit-cost ratio of intervention is 3.02: 1. Conclusion Comprehensive interventions based on publicity and education, institutional management, strict supervision of law enforcement and environmental reform can effectively prevent and control student bicycle injuries.