目的：从新鲜西陵知母（ＡｎｅｍａｒｒｈｅｎａａｓｐｈｏｄｅｌｏｉｄｅｓＢｕｎｇｅ．）根茎中分离出有生理活性的化学成分—甾体皂苷。方法：用柱色谱法分离纯化，通过理化方法及光谱分析（ＵＶ，ＩＲ，１ＨＮＭＲ，１３ＣＮＭＲ，ＥＩＭＳ，ＥＳＩＭＳ，ＨＭＢＣ，ＨＭＱＣ）鉴定化学结构。结果：从新鲜西陵知母根茎的乙醇提取物中分离得到西陵知母皂苷Ａ与Ｂ，其化学结构分别为萨尔萨皂苷元３ＯβＤ葡糖基（１→２）ＯβＤ半乳糖苷和萨尔萨皂苷元３ＯβＤ葡糖基（１→３）ＯβＤ葡糖基（１→２）ＯβＤ半乳糖苷。结论：西陵皂苷Ｂ为一新化合物。 OBJECTIVE: To isolate a physiologically active chemical component, steroidal saponin, from the roots of Anemarrhenaasphodeloides Bunge. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography. The chemical structures were identified by physicochemical methods and spectral analysis (UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, EI-MS, ESI-MS, HMBC, HMQC). RESULTS: The saponins A and B were isolated from the ethanol extract of the fresh rhizome of A. philoxeroides and their chemical structures were salsasan  3OβDglucosyl (1→2) respectively. OO  β  D  galactosides and salsa saponins  3  O  β  D glucosyl (1 → 3)  O  β  β  glucosyl (1 → 2)  O β-D-galactoside. Conclusion: Xiling saponin B is a new compound.