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目的研究发育性运动协调障碍儿童智力发育水平及特点,为早期干预提供方法和依据。方法在知情同意、自愿参加的原则下,在昆山市区随机抽取幼儿园儿童共1 867人,以美国精神病诊断手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)为诊断标准,确诊发育性协调障碍(developmental coordination disorder,DCD)者共112名,患病率为6.0%;其中59名儿童自愿参加智力测试,另随机选取同年龄同性别的正常儿童59例为对照组,均进行韦氏智力测试。结果 DCD组儿童的总智商得分、操作智商得分、动物房、图画补缺、迷津、几何图形、木块图案等项目得分均显著低于正常组儿童,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01);DCD组儿童与正常组儿童语言智商得分比较,差异无统计学意义。DCD组智力不平衡的比例显著高于对照组儿童,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论患有DCD学龄前儿童的操作智商低于正常儿童,但语言智商与正常儿童差异无统计学意义,在训练和教育中应有针对性的进行干预。
Objective To study the level and characteristics of mental development in children with developmental dyskinesia and to provide methods and evidences for early intervention. Methods A total of 1 867 kindergarten children were enrolled in the urban area of Kunshan City under the principle of informed consent and voluntary participation. Diagnostic criteria of developmental coordination disorder (DSM-Ⅳ) were diagnosed by using the American Psychiatric Diagnostic Manual Version 4 (DSM-Ⅳ) , DCD) with a prevalence of 6.0%. 59 children volunteered to participate in the intelligence test. 59 children with the same sex and age were randomly selected as the control group. Wechsler’s intelligence tests were performed. Results The scores of items such as total IQ score, operation IQ score, animal room, drawing make up, maze, geometry and block pattern in DCD group were significantly lower than those in normal group (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in language IQ between children in DCD group and children in normal group. The proportion of mental unbalance in DCD group was significantly higher than that in control group (P <0.01). Conclusion The operating IQ of preschool children with DCD is lower than that of normal children, but there is no significant difference between language IQ and normal children. Intervention should be targeted in training and education.