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【目的】为滨海滩涂地精准施肥提供理论依据。【方法】2005和2006年运用ASI法对位于黄海之滨的海丰农场进行土壤养分含量测定及水稻氮、磷、钾肥施用的推荐。选取60块肥力从高到低田块,利用不施肥、不施氮肥、不施磷肥、不施钾肥和施肥5个处理、3次重复的设计方案进行田间小区试验,按照相对产量<50%时的土壤养分含量为“极低”、50%～75%为“低”、75%～95%为“中”、>95%为“高”、再降为95%时为“过高”的标准建立土壤有效氮、磷、钾的丰缺指标体系。【结果】滨海滩涂水稻田土壤铵态氮的“极低”指标为<2.5mgN·L-1,“低”为2.5～11.0mgN·L-1,“中”为11.0～19.5mgN·L-1,“高”为19.5～34.0mgN·L-1,“极高”为>34.0mgN·L-1;土壤有效磷的“极低”指标在海丰农场供试田块没有表现出来,“低”为<13.0mgP·L-1,“中”为13.0～28.5mgP·L-1,“高”为28.5～60.0mgP·L-1,“极高”为>60.0mgP·L-1;土壤有效钾的“极低”指标为<35.0mgK·L-1,“低”为35.0～95.0mgK·L-1,“中”为95.0～175.0mgK·L-1,“高”为175.0～335.0mgK·L-1,“极高”为>335.0mgK·L-1。【结论】运用土壤养分状况系统分析法(ASI)和田间试验设计相结合是建立水稻土壤氮、磷、钾丰缺指标行之有效的方法。
【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical basis for precise fertilization of coastal beach. 【Method】 The method of ASI was used to determine the contents of soil nutrients and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in Haifeng farms located in the Yellow Sea in 2005 and 2006. Sixty fertility plots were selected from high to low field plots. Field plots were tested with five treatments including no fertilization, no nitrogen fertilizer, no phosphate fertilizer, no potassium fertilizer and fertilization, and three repeated plots. According to the relative yield <50% The soil nutrient content is “very low”, 50% -75% is “low”, 75% -95% is “”, “95% is” high “ % For ”too high “ standard establishment of soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium abundance index system. 【Result】 The results showed that the ”low “ index of soil ammonium nitrogen in paddy field of paddy field was <2.5mgN · L-1, the average value of ”low“ was 2.5 ~ 11.0mgN · L-1 and the average of ” ~ 19.5mgN · L-1, 19.5 ~ 34.0mgN · L-1 for “Gao” and> 34.0mgN · L-1 for “High”, and “Very Low” Haifeng farm plots plots did not show, “low ” is <13.0mgP L-1, “in ” is 13.0 ~ 28.5mgP L-1, “high ” is 28.5 ~ 60.0mgP · L-1, “high” was> 60.0mgP · L-1; “low” index of soil available potassium was <35.0mgK · L-1, “low” was 35.0 ~ 95.0mgK · L-1, “中” is 95.0-175.0 mgK · L-1, “高” is 175.0-335.0 mgK · L-1, and “Very high” is> 335.0 mgK · L-1. 【Conclusion】 The combination of systematic analysis of soil nutrient status (ASI) with field experimental design is an effective method to establish the index of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium deficiency in paddy soil.