一、概念呼吸衰竭(以下简称呼衰)非指某一疾病,它是由多种病因引起的呼吸功能损害,使机体丧失维持正常血液气体分压的能力,出现缺氧(低氧血症)或/和二氧化碳蓄积(高碳酸血症)等一系列病理生理改变的一种严重临床综合征。虽然因一氧化碳或苯胺中毒可造成所谓内呼吸衰竭(毛细血管血液与细胞之间的组织内气体交换发生障碍),但呼衰不将其包括在内,而主要指由于呼吸器官和神经中枢功能障碍所致者。严格地讲,呼吸功能不全与呼衰也有区别,一般说,前者指在安静状态下,其动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)与二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)尚能处于正常,只在体力活 First, the concept of respiratory failure (hereinafter referred to as respiratory failure) refers to a disease, which is caused by a variety of respiratory dysfunction, the body loses the ability to maintain normal blood gas partial pressure, hypoxia (hypoxemia) Or / and carbon dioxide accumulation (hypercapnia) and a series of pathophysiological changes in a serious clinical syndrome. Although carbon monoxide or aniline poisoning can cause so-called endogenous respiratory failure (an obstacle in the exchange of gas within the blood between the capillary blood cells and the cells), respiratory failure does not include it, and mainly refers to dysfunction of respiratory organs and central nervous system Caused by. Strictly speaking, respiratory insufficiency and respiratory failure are also different, in general, the former refers to the quiet state, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO_2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO_2) can still be normal, only in physical activity