人痘接种术作为牛痘接种术发明的先导 ,为中国人民预防天花 ,乃至在世界范围内消灭天花做出了积极的贡献 ,堪称现代免疫学的先驱。然而 ,人痘接种术最终被牛痘接种术所取代 ,走向了消亡。究其原因尽管是多方面的 ,但理论中医学研究的滞后在人痘接种术的消亡中难辞其咎。反思和探讨人痘接种术从发端到鼎盛再到衰亡的深层原因 ,对于审度和探讨理论中医学的走向具有积极的意义。 As the forerunner of vaccination vaccination, it has made a positive contribution to the Chinese people in preventing smallpox and even eliminating smallpox in the world. It is a pioneer of modern immunology. However, human pox vaccination was eventually replaced by vaccinia and disappeared. Although its causes are manifold, the lag in the theoretical study of traditional Chinese medicine can not be blamed for the disappearance of human vaccination. It is of great significance to review and discuss the deep reason why the vaccination of human pox inoculated from the beginning to the peak and then to decline.