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分枝角度是油菜株型重要性状,是油菜品种高产及适合机械化收获理想株型的基本组成之一。为明确油菜分枝角度的遗传,本研究选用油菜分枝角度大的松散型材料6098B和分枝角度小的紧凑型材料Purler配制杂交组合,采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型方法对该组合6世代(P1、P2、F1、F2、BCP1和BCP2)的分枝角度进行了遗传分析。结果表明,上部第一分枝(顶枝)和基部第一分枝(基枝)角度的最适合遗传模型均为D-0(1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因)。顶枝角的主基因加性效应值为4.939o,显性效应值为–4.156o,主基因遗传率在BCP1、BCP2和F2中分别是34.08%、1.40%和14.99%,多基因遗传率分别为24.43%、61.72%和63.98%;而基枝角的主基因加性效应值为2.217o,显性效应值为–1.941o,主基因遗传率在BCP1、BCP2和F2中分别是7.86%、1.24%和4.84%,多基因遗传率分别为66.46%、58.49%和73.96%。结果发现油菜分枝角度明显存在主效基因,为油菜分枝角度的遗传改良奠定了基础。
The branching angle is an important trait of rape plant type and is one of the basic components of rapeseed varieties with high yield and ideal for mechanized harvesting. In order to clarify the inheritance of the rape branching angle, we selected the crossover bulky material 6098B and the small branchlet Purler to make the crosses. The main gene plus polygene mixed genetic model Generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BCP1 and BCP2) were analyzed for branching angles. The results showed that the most suitable genetic models for the angles of the first branch (top branch) and the first branch (branch branch) in the upper part were D-0 (1 pair of additive-dominant dominant gene plus additive- Epistatic polygene). The additive effect value of major gene in top branch angle was 4.939o and the dominant effect value was -4.156o. The heritability of major gene was 34.08%, 1.40% and 14.99% in BCP1, BCP2 and F2, respectively. The multiple gene heritability was The main gene additive effect value was 2.217o, the dominant effect value was -1.941o, the major gene heritability was 7.86% in BCP1, BCP2 and F2 respectively, 1.24% and 4.84% respectively. The polygene heritabilities were 66.46%, 58.49% and 73.96% respectively. The results showed that there were obvious main effect genes in rape branching angle, which laid the foundation for the genetic improvement of rape branching angle.