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对全球碳循环的系统研究已有几十年的历史,至今已取得很多重要成果,但对占整个地球陆地面积约10%的喀斯特地区碳循环的研究却在近10~20年来才逐渐受到重视。近年来的研究表明,岩溶作用对全球碳循环具有重要影响。目前,科学家们对影响喀斯特地区碳循环的各种因素有了较为全面系统的认识,并对碳源或碳汇量进行了估算。然而,与非喀斯特地区不同,喀斯特地区普遍发育着大小和形态各异的溶洞/裂隙,为喀斯特地区地—气交换增加了一个通道(窗口),其在喀斯特地区碳循环过程中扮演着什么样的角色,至今还少有报道。已有研究显示,喀斯特洞穴具有明显的烟囱效应,是不可忽略的。综述前人的研究发现,洞穴系统碳循环研究还存在诸多问题有待进一步研究,如烟囱效应对区域和全球大气CO2的贡献;烟囱效应的区域差异、季节变化及其原因(驱动力);烟囱效应对当地生态系统的影响等。随着现代科学技术(如涡度相关、大孔径闪烁和同位素)的发展,为解决上述问题提供了可能。因此,有必要运用现有的先进手段对洞穴系统碳循环进行自动连续监测和研究,这对喀斯特地区碳循环,甚至全球碳循环研究均具有重要意义。
The systematic study of the global carbon cycle has been for decades and many important achievements have been made so far. However, the research on the carbon cycle in the karst area accounting for about 10% of the total land area of the earth has been gradually valued in the past 10 to 20 years . Recent studies show that karstification plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. At present, scientists have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of the various factors affecting the carbon cycle in the karst area and have estimated carbon sources or carbon sequestration. However, unlike non-karst areas, karst caves / fissures of various sizes and morphologies are commonly developed in the karst area, adding a channel (window) to the ground-to-air exchange in the Karst area and what kind of karst caves The role, so far still few reports. Studies have shown that karst caves have obvious chimney effects and can not be neglected. Based on the previous studies, it is found that there are still many problems to be studied in the carbon cycle research of the cave system, such as the contribution of the chimney effect to regional and global atmospheric CO2, regional differences in chimney effects, seasonal changes and their causes (driving forces), chimney effects The impact on the local ecosystem and so on. With the development of modern science and technology (such as eddy covariance, macropore flicker and isotope), it is possible to solve the above problems. Therefore, it is necessary to use the existing advanced means to carry out continuous and automatic monitoring and research on the carbon cycle of the cave system, which is of great significance for the research on carbon cycle in the karst region and even the global carbon cycle.