无机定性化学分析的发展可以远溯到十六世纪中叶。随着冶金工业的发展,它渐渐形成了一门学科。多少年来,随着工农业生产的发展,无机定性化学分析也一直在发展着。这里所介绍的只是这门学科的现况和它的发展史的片断。一、经典系统分析法早期的无机定性化学分析方法,由于缺乏选择性高的试剂和性能好的掩蔽剂,离子之间的干扰都用沉淀分离法去解决。利用控制酸度、氧化还原反应、络合反应等手段以求沉淀的完全。在理论方面,建立起一个完整的体系即四大平衡——多相平衡、质子平衡、氧化还原平衡以及络合平衡。硫化氢系统是一个典型的经典系统分析法,从十九世纪起,沿用了一百五十年之久。硫化氢是一个气体试剂,它能与多种金属离子生成难溶性硫化物是其优点;但有恶臭毒性是其缺点。在本世纪三十年代到五十年代出现了一些硫化氢代用品试剂如硫代乙酰胺(CH_3CSNH_2)。这个试剂在酸性和碱 The development of inorganic qualitative chemical analysis can be traced back to the mid-sixteenth century. With the development of metallurgical industry, it gradually formed a subject. Over the years, with the development of industrial and agricultural production, inorganic qualitative chemical analysis has also been developed. What is presented here is only the current status of the discipline and a fragment of its history. First, the classic method of systematic analysis of inorganic qualitative chemical analysis of early methods, due to the lack of selective high reagent and good masking agent, the interference between ions are resolved by precipitation separation method. The use of control of acidity, redox reaction, complexation reaction and other means to complete the precipitation. In theory, establish a complete system that is the four major balance - polyphase, proton, redox balance and complex balance. Hydrogen sulfide system is a typical classic system analysis, from the nineteenth century, has been used for 150 years. Hydrogen sulphide is a gas reagent that has the advantage of producing insoluble sulfur compounds with a variety of metal ions; however, malodorous toxicity is a disadvantage. Some hydrogen sulfide substitute reagents such as thioacetamide (CH_3CSNH_2) appeared in the 1930s and 1950s. This reagent is acidic and alkaline