论文部分内容阅读
英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，而是要求阅读者根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就是判断推理题。判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题——它不可言喻——你必须从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，哲学原理，并借助一定的常识进行分析，推理，判断。
正误判断使用的提问方式跟概括题有些相似，一般有：
It can be inferred/ concluded that ___________.
Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?
In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed?
The passage implies, but doesn’t directly state that ___________.
The writer suggests that ___________.
What’s the author’s attitude toward ___________?
The writer probably feels that ___________.
The author uses the examples of... to show that ___________.
一、细节正误题
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
A
The doctor gave my sister some medicine, but it didn’t change her condition.
1. What does the sentence tell us?
A. My sister didn’t like the medicine. B. My sister took the medicine.
C. The medicine made my sister sick. D. The medicine changed her.
B
Ad. 1
The Big Wok
Chinese Cooking AT ITS BEST
Everything from Peking duck.
Reservations for weddings welcome.
Seats up to 100 guests.
In the middle of the city.
Ph：8795449
Ad. 2
Naughty Noodles
Delicious Vietnamese cooking
Hot meals in minutes.
Eat in or take out.
Open for lunch and dinner.
Seven days a week.
In the good restaurant guide
Ph: 8674900
Ad. 3
Thai Hot Pot
Hot meals in minutes
Open for lunch and dinner.
Every day except Monday.
7 P.M. TO 11 P.M.
In the Good Restaurant Guide
Ph: 8935720
Ad. 4
The Little Chicken
Real French cooking,
A quiet little restaurant.
With a French chef.
Reserve early to be seated.
In the Good Restaurant Guide.
Ph：8934576
1. Which two restaurants are closer to each other than the other two?
A. Ad. 2 and Ad. 3 B. Ad. 1 and Ad. 3
C. Ad. 3 and Ad. 4 D. Ad. 1 and Ad. 4
C
A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native,“Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.”When the messenger returns, he says,“He said he lives on the western side of the island.”
Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure?
1. According to the messenger’s answer, the visitor can conclude that .
A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.
B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.
C. it’s hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.
D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true.
2. The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong?
A. He may live on the eastern side of the island.
B. He may live on the western side of the island.
C. He may be telling the truth.
D. He can’t be telling the truth.
二、因果判断题
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。
D
When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“Are you single?”
“Why, yes.”I answered, smiling at her happily.
“So is my mother.”she said,“Would you like to meet her?”
1. The writer talked about the waitress’ age because he thought .
A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her
C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him
2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because .
A. she lived near his house
B. he often went to visit her mother
C. she wanted to be friendly with him
D. she loved him very much
E
The entertainment profession or“show business”attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed .Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old fashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must change his“act”in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians, but perhaps most of all singers.
“Pop”stands for“popular”and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity.
The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the“fans”. The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a“souvenir”（纪念品）. They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer’s hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And—most important—he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public.
1. Why must a pop singer have a good manager?.
A. To protect him from his fans
B. To look after his business interests
C. To help him to change his“act”
D. So that he can relax
2. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous?.
A. Because he wants to attract the attention of the public
B. Because he wants to sell more records
C. Because he wants to become popular
D. Because he wants to stay popular
答案
A
答案为B。后一句说这药并没有改变她的症状，可以判断她吃了药。
B
答案为C。根据广告材料提供的电话号码和常识可以推断出本题答案。一般说来，电话号码相近，说明位置相近。Ad. 3 提供的电话号码是：8935720， Ad. 4提供的电话号码是：8934576，都是以89开头。故选C。
C
第1题是判断有关信使（近处的当地人）的情况的。我们知道，讲真话的部落住在岛的西部，撒谎的部落住在岛的东部。这个信使去问远方的当地人住在岛的哪一边（东部还是西部）。远方的当地人只能有两种情况，要么住在岛的西部，要么住在岛的东部。如果他住在岛的西部，他就是一个讲真话的人，他就会如实回答他住在西部。如果他住在岛的东部，他就是一个撒谎的人。他本来住在东部，但在回答时，必须要说谎，他只能回答他住在西部。所以远方的当地人不管是住在东部还是西部，他的回答只有一个：“我住在西部”。如果信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在西部，信使无疑是说了真话，那么信使一定是住在岛的西部。反之，如果信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在东部，那么信使就说了假话，信使肯定住在东部。故此题答案是A。
第2题是推测远方的当地人的情况的。从短文提供的信息来看，我们无法判定远方的当地人是住在岛的东部还是岛的西部，两种情况都是可能存在的。此题要注意情态动词的语气。A.“他可能住在岛的西部”; B.“他可能住在岛的东部”; C.“他可能讲了真话”。上述A、B、C三种情况都是可能的。D.“他不可能讲真话”，语气太绝对。推测错误。故答案为D。
D
这是两道判断原因的题目。女服务员每天向作者示好，作者产生误解，以为女孩对他有意。考虑到他们年龄相差悬殊，作者认为女孩爱上他有点奇怪。故第1题答案是D。女孩问作者是否单身，并提到她母亲也是单身，并邀请他与她母亲见面，可见，女孩每天向他问好，目的是想取得他的好感，进而撮和他和她母亲。第2题答案是C。
E
1. 答案为B。因果判断题。根据Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business. Without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed .我们可以知道，正因为这个行业竞争激烈，所以表演者需要一个好的经纪人。帮助演员策划和安排商业表演活动，协助他的演艺事业的发展。故B项正确。
2. 答案为D。因果判断题。Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. 一个成名演员要更加努力地工作，直接原因文中已有论述，即，表演行业是个竞争十分激烈的行业，新人不断涌现，对成名演员造成很大的压力。那么间接原因是什么？通过前面的分析我们可以推断出成名演员更加买力地工作，是因为他要保持他的名气，延长他的艺术生命。
编辑/孙栎栎
正误判断使用的提问方式跟概括题有些相似，一般有：
It can be inferred/ concluded that ___________.
Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?
In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed?
The passage implies, but doesn’t directly state that ___________.
The writer suggests that ___________.
What’s the author’s attitude toward ___________?
The writer probably feels that ___________.
The author uses the examples of... to show that ___________.
一、细节正误题
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
A
The doctor gave my sister some medicine, but it didn’t change her condition.
1. What does the sentence tell us?
A. My sister didn’t like the medicine. B. My sister took the medicine.
C. The medicine made my sister sick. D. The medicine changed her.
B
Ad. 1
The Big Wok
Chinese Cooking AT ITS BEST
Everything from Peking duck.
Reservations for weddings welcome.
Seats up to 100 guests.
In the middle of the city.
Ph：8795449
Ad. 2
Naughty Noodles
Delicious Vietnamese cooking
Hot meals in minutes.
Eat in or take out.
Open for lunch and dinner.
Seven days a week.
In the good restaurant guide
Ph: 8674900
Ad. 3
Thai Hot Pot
Hot meals in minutes
Open for lunch and dinner.
Every day except Monday.
7 P.M. TO 11 P.M.
In the Good Restaurant Guide
Ph: 8935720
Ad. 4
The Little Chicken
Real French cooking,
A quiet little restaurant.
With a French chef.
Reserve early to be seated.
In the Good Restaurant Guide.
Ph：8934576
1. Which two restaurants are closer to each other than the other two?
A. Ad. 2 and Ad. 3 B. Ad. 1 and Ad. 3
C. Ad. 3 and Ad. 4 D. Ad. 1 and Ad. 4
C
A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native,“Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.”When the messenger returns, he says,“He said he lives on the western side of the island.”
Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure?
1. According to the messenger’s answer, the visitor can conclude that .
A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.
B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.
C. it’s hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.
D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true.
2. The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong?
A. He may live on the eastern side of the island.
B. He may live on the western side of the island.
C. He may be telling the truth.
D. He can’t be telling the truth.
二、因果判断题
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。
D
When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“Are you single?”
“Why, yes.”I answered, smiling at her happily.
“So is my mother.”she said,“Would you like to meet her?”
1. The writer talked about the waitress’ age because he thought .
A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her
C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him
2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because .
A. she lived near his house
B. he often went to visit her mother
C. she wanted to be friendly with him
D. she loved him very much
E
The entertainment profession or“show business”attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed .Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old fashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must change his“act”in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians, but perhaps most of all singers.
“Pop”stands for“popular”and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity.
The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the“fans”. The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a“souvenir”（纪念品）. They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer’s hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And—most important—he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public.
1. Why must a pop singer have a good manager?.
A. To protect him from his fans
B. To look after his business interests
C. To help him to change his“act”
D. So that he can relax
2. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous?.
A. Because he wants to attract the attention of the public
B. Because he wants to sell more records
C. Because he wants to become popular
D. Because he wants to stay popular
答案
A
答案为B。后一句说这药并没有改变她的症状，可以判断她吃了药。
B
答案为C。根据广告材料提供的电话号码和常识可以推断出本题答案。一般说来，电话号码相近，说明位置相近。Ad. 3 提供的电话号码是：8935720， Ad. 4提供的电话号码是：8934576，都是以89开头。故选C。
C
第1题是判断有关信使（近处的当地人）的情况的。我们知道，讲真话的部落住在岛的西部，撒谎的部落住在岛的东部。这个信使去问远方的当地人住在岛的哪一边（东部还是西部）。远方的当地人只能有两种情况，要么住在岛的西部，要么住在岛的东部。如果他住在岛的西部，他就是一个讲真话的人，他就会如实回答他住在西部。如果他住在岛的东部，他就是一个撒谎的人。他本来住在东部，但在回答时，必须要说谎，他只能回答他住在西部。所以远方的当地人不管是住在东部还是西部，他的回答只有一个：“我住在西部”。如果信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在西部，信使无疑是说了真话，那么信使一定是住在岛的西部。反之，如果信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在东部，那么信使就说了假话，信使肯定住在东部。故此题答案是A。
第2题是推测远方的当地人的情况的。从短文提供的信息来看，我们无法判定远方的当地人是住在岛的东部还是岛的西部，两种情况都是可能存在的。此题要注意情态动词的语气。A.“他可能住在岛的西部”; B.“他可能住在岛的东部”; C.“他可能讲了真话”。上述A、B、C三种情况都是可能的。D.“他不可能讲真话”，语气太绝对。推测错误。故答案为D。
D
这是两道判断原因的题目。女服务员每天向作者示好，作者产生误解，以为女孩对他有意。考虑到他们年龄相差悬殊，作者认为女孩爱上他有点奇怪。故第1题答案是D。女孩问作者是否单身，并提到她母亲也是单身，并邀请他与她母亲见面，可见，女孩每天向他问好，目的是想取得他的好感，进而撮和他和她母亲。第2题答案是C。
E
1. 答案为B。因果判断题。根据Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business. Without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed .我们可以知道，正因为这个行业竞争激烈，所以表演者需要一个好的经纪人。帮助演员策划和安排商业表演活动，协助他的演艺事业的发展。故B项正确。
2. 答案为D。因果判断题。Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. 一个成名演员要更加努力地工作，直接原因文中已有论述，即，表演行业是个竞争十分激烈的行业，新人不断涌现，对成名演员造成很大的压力。那么间接原因是什么？通过前面的分析我们可以推断出成名演员更加买力地工作，是因为他要保持他的名气，延长他的艺术生命。
编辑/孙栎栎