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Objective: To observe the influence of intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate (SH) on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the synovium and nitric oxide (NO) content in synovial fluid of rabbits with traumatic osteoarthritis (OA).Methods: Sixteen white rabbits underwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection and were randomly divided into 2 groups 5 weeks after the operation.Rabbits in the experimental group received intra-articular injection of 0.3 ml of 1% SH,once a week for 5 weeks.Animals in the control group were treated under the same conditions using physiological saline.All the animals were sacrificed at the 10th week after surgery.The mRNA expression of iNOS in the synovium was analyzed using reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction.The content of NO in the synovial fluid was assayed.Results: The level of iNOS expression of thesynovium in the experimental group was lower than that in control group (0.47 ±0.09 vs.0.65±0.12,t =3.45,P