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CO_2气肥开发应用前景广阔 汪家铭 CO_2气肥早在1888年就开始在德国、英国、美国等国应用,但直到本世纪60年代前,并设有得到大规模的实际应用。60年代后,由于对温室作物需求增加,简易大棚的出现,使温室种植面积迅速增长。同时由于各种有效的CO_2气体发生装置以及实用价廉的监测计量设备仪器的研制成功,使CO_2施肥技术得到了进一步的发展,并取得了显著的经济效益。目前,CO_2施肥在欧洲、中美、北美及某些亚洲国家都得到了大规模的推广应用。在美国约有50％～75％的温室作物采用CO_2施肥,荷兰90％以上的番茄、黄瓜、甜椒、草莓种植中均使用CO_2施肥。 施用CO_2气肥可使作物光合作用速度加快40％～50％,产量增加20％～45％。施用的CO_2气源要求产气方法必须简单易行,气体中不应含有对作物和人体有害的杂质,纯度必须达到规定的要求,同时还应生产成本低、价格低廉,能满足大面积施用的要求。通常的来源可以有液体CO_2直接施放;天然气、木炭、煤油或丙烷燃烧后产气;碳铵与硫酸反应产气;有机物料(城市垃圾和粪便、作物秸杆、厩肥、工业废弃物等)制气等几种途径。 近年来.随着国民经济的持续发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,以及城市“菜篮子工程”建设的需要,国内温室蔬菜生产发展很快,基本上是以每4年增?
The prospects for the development and application of CO_2 gas fertilizer are broad. Wang Jiaming’s CO_2 gas fertilizer began to be used in Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, and other countries as early as 1888, but until the 1960s, large-scale practical applications have been established. After the 1960s, due to the increasing demand for greenhouse crops and the emergence of simple greenhouses, the greenhouse cultivation area grew rapidly. At the same time, due to the successful development of various effective CO 2 gas generating devices and inexpensive and practical monitoring and metering equipment, CO 2 fertilization technology has been further developed, and remarkable economic benefits have been achieved. At present, CO 2 fertilization has been widely applied in Europe, Central America, North America and some Asian countries. In the United States, about 50% to 75% of greenhouse crops use CO 2 fertilization, and more than 90% of tomatoes, cucumbers, bell peppers, and strawberries in the Netherlands use CO 2 fertilization. Applying CO 2 gas fertilizer can increase the photosynthesis rate of crops by 40%-50%, and increase the output by 20%-45%. The application of CO 2 gas source requires that the gas production method must be simple and easy, the gas should not contain impurities harmful to crops and human body, the purity must meet the specified requirements, at the same time, the production cost should be low, the price should be low, and it can satisfy large area application. Claim. The usual sources can be liquid CO 2 directly applied; natural gas, charcoal, kerosene, or propane burned gas; ammonium bicarbonate reacts with sulfuric acid to produce gas; organic materials (municipal waste and manure, crop straw, manure, industrial waste, etc.) Gas and other ways. In recent years, with the continuous development of the national economy and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, and the need for the construction of a “vegetable basket project” in the city, the domestic greenhouse vegetable production has developed rapidly. Basically, it is increasing every 4 years.