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目的:分析混合牙列期阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)、单纯打鼾(SS)对儿童颅颌面、牙合系统的影响。方法:运用计算机辅助X线头影测量技术,对OSAHS组24例和SS组12例患儿进行X线头影测量数据对比分析。结果:OSAHS组与对照组比较SNB(75.83±2.92)减小(P<0.05),ANB(5.83±2.76)、Y轴角(72.05±2.99)、FH-MP(34.68±5.05)、UI-SN(107.49±5.04)、LI-MP(98.38±5.28)等角度增大(P<0.01或P<0.05);GoGn(57.20±5.64)距离缩短(P<0.05)。SS组与对照组比较ANB(5.34±1.86)、Y轴角(67.42±4.53)、FH-MP(31.62±4.60)、LI-MP(98.46±5.28)等角度也增大(P<0.05或P<0.01);GoGn(58.92±5.27)距离缩短(P<0.05)。OSAHS与SS比较,各项比较无明显差别。结论:OSAHS、SS对儿童颅面下面部和牙齿发育造成影响,主要表现为下颌骨后缩、缩短,前面部增高,上、下中切牙唇向倾斜等面部形态学改变。呼吸方式的改变是造成这些变化的主要原因。
Objective: To analyze the effects of OSAHS and cranial stenosis (SS) on cranio-maxillofacial and occlusal system in children with mixed dentition. Methods: Computed tomography (X-ray) images were compared between 24 OSAHS patients and 12 SS patients. Results: Compared with control group, SNB (75.83 ± 2.92), ANB (5.83 ± 2.76), Y-axis angle (72.05 ± 2.99), FH-MP (107.49 ± 5.04) and LI-MP (98.38 ± 5.28), respectively (P <0.01 or P <0.05). The distance of GoGn (57.20 ± 5.64) was shorter (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the angles of YB (67.42 ± 4.53), FH-MP (31.62 ± 4.60) and LI-MP (98.46 ± 5.28) were also increased in SS group and control group (P <0.05 or P <0.01). GoGn (58.92 ± 5.27) distance shortened (P <0.05). OSAHS and SS, no significant difference between the various comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: OSAHS and SS affect children’s craniofacial area and dental development mainly due to mandibular retraction and shortening, anterior facial elevation, upper and lower incisors lip and tilt and other facial morphological changes. Changes in the way breathing is the main reason for these changes.