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六十年代初我国开始使用磷化氢熏蒸剂防治储粮害虫,由于磷化氢具有价格便宜,使用方便,穿透力强,无明显残毒以及对绝大多数害虫、鼠类和某些螨类有明显的杀虫效果等优点被广泛应用,直到目前尚没有比它更优越能替代它的新熏蒸剂品种。但随着长期和广泛的连续使用磷化氢的情况下,也逐渐暴露出一些问题,由于储粮害虫对磷化氢产生抗药性,某些地区开始出现现场应用失效的例子,引起有关单位有识之士的注意和重视。1975年,1980年,我国粮食部门的一些研究所,如商业部四川粮食储藏科学研究所,广东省粮科所等单位先后对云南、广东、江西、四川等17个省(市)自治区,针对米象等五个虫种对磷化氢等几个主要熏蒸剂和杀虫剂进行抗性调查测定,摸清了我国主要储粮害虫对常用杀虫剂的抗性情况,也找到了一些敏感的和高抗虫种。以米象对磷化氢的抗性为例,从六个省所取28个样品中敏感品系16个,占总数57%,显著抗性品系5个占总数18%,六个省中的四个省已发生不同程度的抗药性。与1975年采自广东海南岛陵水县的 F—22(?)种作为敏感品系比较,采自广东省梅县 S—12种抗性已增加118倍(商业部四川粮食储藏科学研究所测)或63.7倍(广东粮科所测),是一个国内外从未报导过一个高抗种,它虽然是从个别地区采到的极少数抗性特高小种,但这无疑是个危险的信号,提示我们必须加速进行有关储粮害虫抗性机理并寻找有效的替代熏蒸剂,否则对未来防治工作将是一个严重的威胁。本篇就是以调查中得到敏感种和高抗种为生物材料,对其呼吸率和各种解毒酶系进行研究实验,企图找出抗性种产生抗药性的原因。
In the early 1960s, China began to use phosphine fumigation agent to prevent and control stored grain pests. Because of its cheap price, easy to use, strong penetrating power, no obvious residual poison, as well as to most pests, rodents and some mites There are obvious advantages such as insecticidal effect is widely used, until now there is no better than it can replace the new fumigant varieties. However, with the continuous and widespread use of phosphine over a long period of time, some problems have gradually become exposed. Due to the resistance of stored grain pests to phosphine, some cases of field application failure began to occur in some areas, causing the relevant units to have Attention and attention of people of insight. In 1975 and 1980, some institutes in the grain department of our country, such as the Institute of Grain Storage Science in the Ministry of Commerce and the grain science institute in Guangdong Province successively visited 17 provinces (municipalities) and autonomous regions such as Yunnan, Guangdong, Jiangxi and Sichuan Rice and other five species of phosphine and several other major fumigants and insecticides resistance survey to find out the main stored grain pests on the common pesticide resistance, but also found some sensitive And high resistant species. Taking the resistance of rice plants to phosphine, for example, 16 of the 28 samples taken from six provinces accounted for 57% of the total and 5 of the significant resistant strains accounted for 18% of the total, of which four Provinces have varying degrees of resistance. Compared with the F-22 (?) Species collected from Lingshui County, Hainan Island, Guangdong Province in 1975 as a sensitive strain, S-12 resistance collected from Meixian, Guangdong Province, has increased by 118 times (measured by the Sichuan Food Storage Science Research Department of the Ministry of Commerce) Or 63.7 times (as measured by the Guangdong Food Science Branch). It is a highly resistant species that has never been reported at home and abroad. Although it is a very small number of extremely resistant species collected from individual areas, it is undoubtedly a dangerous signal. This suggests that we must speed up the mechanism of stored pest resistance and find an effective substitute for fumigant, otherwise it will be a serious threat to future prevention and control work. This article is based on the investigation of sensitive species and high resistance to biological materials, the respiration rate and various detoxification enzyme system experiments in an attempt to find out the resistance of resistant species causes.