In order to explore the bioleaching mechanism and improve the bioleaching efficiency,the micro-bial community in the bioleaching solution was compared with that on the surface of minerals based on the microarray analysis.Meanwhile,the elements composition in the bioleaching solution was analyzed using the ICP-AES method.Results showed that there was a high concentration of S and Cu in the leaching solution which up to 2 380 mg/L and 1 378 mg/L,respectively,after continuously bioleaching of copper-ore concen-trate for 30 days by a mixed culture associated with 12 species of bioleaching microorganisms.Based on the data of microarray,the total of cell number in the surface of minerals was far higher than that in the bi-oleaching solution.Furthermore,the dominant communities on the surface of minerals,such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidithiobacillus caldus,were similar to that in the bioleaching solution.However,the relative level of some bacteria,such as Sulfobacillus aci-dophilus and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans,showed great discrepancy with lower presence in the bi-oleaching solution with respect to the mineral surface. In order to explore the bioleaching mechanism and improve the bioleaching efficiency, the micro-bial community in the bioleaching solution was compared with that on the surface of minerals based on the microarray analysis. Meng while, the elements composition in the bioleaching solution was analyzed using the ICP-AES method. Results showed that there was a high concentration of S and Cu in the leaching solution which up to 2 380 mg / L and 1 378 mg / L, respectively, after continuously bioleaching of copper-ore concen- trate for 30 days by a mixed culture associated with 12 species of bioleaching microorganisms. Based on the data of microarray, the total of cell number in the surface of minerals was far higher than that in the bi-oleaching solution. Future, the dominant communities on the surface of minerals, such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidithiobacillus caldus, were similar to that in the bioleaching solution. However, the relative level of some bacteria, such as Sulfobacillus aci-dophilus and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, showed great discrepancy with lower presence in the bi-oleaching solution with respect to the mineral surface.