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与同时代其它地区和国家的法律相比,开明是中国古代法律表现出的最大特征。这种开明曾使许多近代西方学者深感迷惑。法国著名的启蒙家孟德斯鸠在论证共和政体、君主政体、专制政体的各自法律特点时,不得不将“中华帝国”单独列出。因为在孟氏的法律理论体系中,专制的中华帝国应属于法律简陋、统治恐怖的国度。但是,从回国的传教士及商人口中,孟氏得到了恰恰相反的答案。传教士说:“那个幅员广漠的中华帝国的政体是可称赞的。它的政体的原则是畏惧、荣誉和品德兼而有之。”(《论法的精
Compared with the laws of other regions and countries of the same era, enlightenedness is the most prominent feature of the ancient Chinese law. This kind of enlightened has deeply confused many modern Western scholars. Montesquieu, the famous French enlightened man, had to list “The Chinese Empire” separately when he demonstrated the respective legal features of republican, monarchical and authoritarian regimes. Because in Montessori’s legal theory system, the authoritarian Chinese empire should belong to the country with simple laws and terrible laws. However, from the missionaries and businessmen who returned to China, Monteggia got exactly the opposite answer. The missionary said: “The commanding policy of the vast empire of the Chinese empire is praiseworthy, and the principle of its government is fear, honor and virtue.”