论文部分内容阅读
苹果属(Malus Mill)果树在自然生长条件下一般树高均在8—20米左右。如新疆伊犁地区的野苹果(塞威氏苹果M.sieversii Idb)树高8—12米,高加索一带的野苹果(东方苹果M.orientalis Uglitz)树高20米;它们都是在森林的环境中,成为高大的乔木。一般的栽培种苹果(西洋苹果M.pumila Mill)树高也在8—15米左右,如兰州一株绵苹果,150年生,树高和冠径均在15米左右。在一般果园中,苹果受到农业栽培技术(如整枝、修剪等)的限制,树高不超过4—6米,呈亚乔木状态(旅大市一株47年生大国光,冠径14.3米,树高只有5.9米)。长期以来,苹果树的栽培一直采用这种乔化、稀植的方法,进行生产。新疆北部气候严寒,苹果难以露地越冬,栽培上把乔化树压伏地面,埋土保护,成为一种匍匐栽培,也是属于乔化栽培的一种类型。
Apple (Malus Mill) fruit trees in the natural growth conditions are generally about 8-20 meters in height. For instance, wild apple trees (M.sieversii Idb) in the Ili region of Xinjiang are 8-12 meters high and the trees of the wild apple (M. orientalis Uglitz) in the Caucasus are 20 meters tall; they are all in the forest environment , Become tall trees. The common cultivated species of apple (M.pumila Mill) is also about 8-15 meters high. For example, a cotton plant in Lanzhou has a 150-year-old tree height and a crown diameter of about 15 meters. In the general orchard, the apple is limited by the agricultural cultivation techniques (such as pruning, pruning, etc.), the height of the tree is no more than 4-6 meters, and is in the arboreal state (a large 47-year- High only 5.9 meters). For a long time, the cultivation of apple trees has been using this Qiao, sparse planting methods, production. In the northern part of Xinjiang, the climate is cold and the apple is hard to be exposed to the winter. The cultivation of Qiaohua trees on the ground is suppressed and buried protection becomes a kind of prostrate cultivation, which belongs to the type of Qiaohua cultivation.