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成正比的争议涉及两个命题:一是,一定长度的工作日总是表现为相同的价值产品。二是,劳动生产率提高,单位商品价值量下降。本文回应的是关于第二个命题的争议。在这个问题的争议中,认为在劳动生产率提高时,劳动生产率与单位商品价值量成反比的规律将不再成立的人,即主张“成正比”的人,其论证的主要依据是建立在劳动生产率等于劳动复杂程度和劳动强度的假设上的。然而这个假设是不成立的。社会劳动生产率的水平本身“表现为一个工人在一定时间内,以同样的劳动力强度使之转化为产品的生产资料的相对量。”其与劳动强度和劳动的复杂程度没有直接的关系,甚至在很大程度上劳动生产率与劳动复杂程度是成反比的。更为重要的是,市场竞争是通过使商品便宜而不是使商品昂贵来进行的。如果劳动生产率的提高使得单位商品价值提高从而使商品变得昂贵,那么,资本家就不会用提高劳动生产率的方法来进行竞争。显然,这不是事实。
Proportionate controversy involves two propositions: First, a certain length of working day always shows the same value of the product. The second is that as labor productivity increases, the unit value of goods falls. This article responds to the controversy over the second proposition. In the controversy on this issue, the person who believes that the law of labor productivity inversely proportional to the unit value of goods will no longer be established when the productivity of labor rises, that is, the proponent of “proportional”, is based mainly on the fact that Labor productivity is equal to the assumption of labor complexity and labor intensity. However, this assumption is not valid. The level of social labor productivity itself “manifests itself as the relative amount of a worker’s labor force in a given period of time that is translated into the means of production of the product.” "It is not directly related to labor intensity and labor complexity, Even to a large extent labor productivity is inversely proportional to labor complexity. More importantly, market competition is done by making goods cheaper rather than expensive. If labor productivity increases so that the value of the unit of goods rises and the commodity becomes more expensive, then capitalists will not compete with methods of increasing labor productivity. Obviously, this is not a fact.