目的探索小儿支原体肺炎感染病例临床特征。方法收集78例肺炎支原体感染住院患儿的临床资料并对其临床特点及诊治过程进行回顾性分析。结果小儿肺炎支原体感染78例中,仍以发热(69.2%)、咳嗽(91%)为主要症状,出现肺部体征者(74.4%),影像学检查均有不同程度改变,不到1/3患儿出现肺外合并症(25.6%),所有患者经阿奇霉素治疗后病情好转,治愈率高。结论肺炎支原体感染为儿童呼吸道感染常见疾病,以肺部表现明显且较重,易发生肺外并发症,所有病例阿奇霉素治疗效果好。 Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of children with mycoplasma pneumonia infection. Methods The clinical data of 78 hospitalized children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were collected and their clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 78 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, fever (69.2%) and cough (91%) were still the main symptoms with pulmonary signs (74.4%). The imaging examination was changed to varying degrees with less than 1/3 Children with pulmonary complications (25.6%), all patients after azithromycin improved condition, the cure rate. Conclusions Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is a common disease of children with respiratory tract infection, with obvious and severe pulmonary manifestations, prone to extrapulmonary complications, azithromycin in all cases a good effect.