为满足厚皮甜瓜果肉有机硒含量在0.01~0.05 mg·kg-1范围内,使厚皮甜瓜有效富硒,品质改善,产量提高。采用盆栽土壤施硒的方法,依据硒在其他作物上的土壤施用量,以山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所西甜瓜课题培育的‘M-135’厚皮甜瓜为试验材料,蛋氨酸硒作为硒源在山东农业大学南校试验站进行了预试验,以不施硒为CK,设置了3个土壤施硒浓度,S1 5 mg·kg-1、S2 10 mg·kg-1和S3 15 mg·kg-1,采用荧光分光光度法,测得各处理甜瓜果肉的总硒含量分别为0.0033 mg·kg-1、0.0114 mg·kg-1、0.0287 mg·kg-1和0.0472 mg·kg-1,与CK相比S1、S2、S3果肉硒含量分别提高了2倍、8倍和13倍,满足富硒要求。在此基础上,在山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所试验基地,对施硒浓度的上限和下限稍微进行了调整,即设置土壤施硒浓度分别为:CK 0 mg·kg-1、T1 4 mg·kg-1、T2 10 mg·kg-1和T3 16 mg·kg-1,研究了土壤施硒对厚皮甜瓜生理特性、果实品质及各组织硒含量的影响。结果表明,在厚皮甜瓜生理特性方面,施硒处理的厚皮甜瓜叶片中色素的含量和叶片光合性能均高于CK,T1和T2的增幅显著高于T3;T1、T2和T3的生长势均高于CK;在果实品质方面,施硒处理的各项指标均比CK有所提高,其中T2的各项指标增幅显著,与CK相比,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、Vc含量和单果重分别提高了14.80%、49.89%、23.55%、24.56%和67.32%;尽管厚皮甜瓜果肉中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量未超标,但施硒之后,厚皮甜瓜果肉中的亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐含量均表现为随施硒浓度的增加而增加,硝酸还原酶活性显著提高,其中T2处理的硝酸还原酶活性最高;蛋氨酸硒处理的厚皮甜瓜各组织的硒含量较CK均显著提高,同一组织的硒含量随施硒浓度的增加而增加,同一处理不同组织之间的硒含差异显著,CK的各组织的总硒含量表现为:生殖器官硒含量高于营养器官的,种子的硒含量最高,T1表现为:根>种子>果肉>果皮>茎>叶和叶柄,T2表现为:根>种子>叶柄和果肉>果皮>茎>叶,而T3的则表现为:种子>根>叶柄>果肉>果皮>叶>茎,其中T2、T3处理叶柄的硒含量显著提高,除根系和叶柄外,同一处理的其他组织均表现为生殖器官硒含量高于营养器官;果肉中无机硒的含量也显著增加,比较有机硒百分比,T2比CK明显提高、T3与CK差异不显著,T1有所降低,试验中T3的总硒和有机硒的含量均大于0.05 mg·kg-1,T1的有机硒含量为0.0096 mg·kg-1低于0.010 mg·kg-1。综合各因素指标,低浓度硒处理更有利于光合色素的合成,提高光合性能,有利于提高厚皮甜瓜的生长势;蛋氨酸硒在改善厚皮甜瓜营养品质的同时,也提高了果肉中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的含量及硝酸还原酶活性;土壤施硒改变了厚皮甜瓜各组织的硒含量的分布,施硒后硒在种子中富集表现的更明显,高浓度硒处理的叶柄中的硒含量显著提高,说明叶柄对硒浓度高低反应较为敏感;由于T1未达到富硒要求,而T3硒含量超标,因此,土壤施硒浓度应为5~15 mg·kg-1,当施硒浓度为10 mg·kg-1时可以显著的改善品质,提高产量。 In order to meet the organic selenium content of muskmelon pulp in the range of 0.01 ~ 0.05 mg · kg-1, the muskmelon was effective in selenium enrichment and the quality was improved and the yield was increased. According to the amount of selenium applied to other crops, the ’M-135’ muskmelon cultivated in the West melon project of Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences was used as the experimental material and the methionine selenium was used as the selenium source A preliminary experiment was conducted at the South School Station of Shandong Agricultural University. Three soil selenium concentrations, S1 5 mg · kg-1, S2 10 mg · kg-1 and S3 15 mg · kg-1 -1. The total selenium contents of melon pulp treated by fluorescence spectrophotometry were 0.0033 mg · kg-1, 0.0114 mg · kg-1, 0.0287 mg · kg-1 and 0.0472 mg · kg-1, respectively, CK compared to S1, S2, S3 pulp selenium content increased by 2 times, 8 times and 13 times, to meet the selenium requirements. On this basis, in the experimental base of Institute of Vegetable and Flower Research of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the upper and lower selenium concentrations were adjusted slightly, that is, the soil selenium concentrations were set as CK 0 mg · kg -1 and T1 4 mg, respectively · Kg -1, T2 10 mg · kg -1 and T3 16 mg · kg -1. The effects of selenium application on the physiological characteristics, fruit quality and selenium content of each muskmelon were studied. The results showed that in the physiological characteristics of muskmelon, the content of pigment and leaf photosynthetic capacity of melon leaves were higher than those of CK, and the growth of T1 and T2 were significantly higher than that of T3; the growth potential of T1, T2 and T3 All of them were higher than CK. In the aspect of fruit quality, the indices of selenium application were all higher than that of CK, and the indexes of T2 increased significantly. Compared with CK, the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, free amino acid, Vc and The fruit weight increased 14.80%, 49.89%, 23.55%, 24.56% and 67.32% respectively. Although the content of nitrite and nitrite in the pulp of Muskmelon was not over standard, the content of nitrite The content of nitrate and nitrate increased with the increase of selenium concentration and the activity of nitrate reductase increased remarkably, and the activity of nitrate reductase of T2 treatment was the highest. The selenium content of each tissue of muskmelon treated with methionine selenium was significantly higher than that of CK The selenium content in the same tissue increased with the increase of selenium concentration, and the selenium content in different tissues of the same treatment was significantly different. The total selenium content in each tissue of CK showed that the selenium content in reproductive organs was higher than that in vegetative organs, The most selenium content , T1 showed as follows: root> seed> pulp> peel> stem> leaf and petiole, T2 showed: root> seed> petiole and pulp> peel> stem> Pulp> peel> leaf> stem. The selenium content of petiole in T2 and T3 treatments increased significantly, except for root system and petiole, the content of selenium in reproductive organ was higher than that in vegetative organs; The content of total selenium and organic selenium in T3 were all higher than 0.05 mg · kg-1, the organic selenium content in T1 was higher than that of organic selenium The content was 0.0096 mg · kg-1 less than 0.010 mg · kg-1. In conclusion, the low concentration selenium treatment is more beneficial to photosynthetic pigment synthesis and photosynthetic property, which will help to improve the growth potential of muskmelon. Methionine selenium also improves the nutritional quality of muskmelon while increasing the content of nitrite Salt and nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity. Soil selenium changed the distribution of selenium content in each tissue of muskmelon. After selenium application, the content of selenium in the seeds was more obvious in the selenium with high concentration selenium treatment Selenium content significantly increased, indicating that the petioles are sensitive to the level of selenium concentration response; because T1 does not meet the requirements of selenium, and T3 excessive selenium content, so the soil selenium concentration should be 5 ~ 15 mg · kg-1, when the selenium concentration When 10 mg · kg-1, it can significantly improve the quality and increase the yield.