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We present three cases of patients (at the age of 56 years,49 years and 74 years respectively) with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP),complicated by intra-abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and respiratory insufficiency with limitations of mechanical ventilation.The respiratory situation of the patients was significantly improved after decompression laparotomy (DL) and lung protective ventilation was re-achieved.ACS was discussed followed by a short review of the literature.Our cases show that DL may help patients with SAP to recover from severe respiratory failure.