苹果为异花授粉植物,在遗传上具有高度杂合性,要想获得纯系材料常很困难。若能通过花药培养获得单倍体植株,再经染色体加倍获取纯系材料则比较容易。1971～1972年Nakayama,R.等,在含有2,4-D、IAA、K 的 Miller 培养基上,使苹果花药形成了愈伤组织,并分化出较多的根和少数类芽体,但未分化出芽。1975年 Kubicki,B, Apple is cross-pollination of plants, genetically highly heterozygous, in order to obtain pure materials is often very difficult. If we can get haploid plants by anther culture, and then double the chromosomal access to pure materials is relatively easy. From 1971 to 1972 Nakayama, R. et al., On the Miller medium containing 2,4-D, IAA, K, the apple anthers formed callus and differentiated into more roots and a few types of buds, but Undifferentiated buds. 1975 Kubicki, B,