Diseases and injuries to the nervous system can lead to a devastating chronic pain condition called neuropathic pain.We review changes that occur in the peripheral nervous system that may play a role in this disease.Common animal models for neuropathic pain involve an injury to one or more peripheral nerves.Following such an injury,the nerve fibers that have been injured exhibit many abnormal properties including the development of spontaneous neural activity as well as a change in the expression of certain genes in their cell body.Recent data indicate that adjacent,uninjured nerve fibers also exhibit significant changes.These changes are thought to be driven by injury-induced alterations in the milieu surrounding the uninjured nerve and nerve terminals.Thus,alteration in neural signaling in both injured and uninjured neurons play a role in the development of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Diseases and injuries to the nervous system can lead to a devastating chronic pain condition called neuropathic pain. We review changes that occur in the peripheral nervous system that may play a role in this disease. Common animal models for neuropathic pain involve an injury to one or more peripheral nerves .Following such an injury, the nerve fibers that have been bent exhibit many abnormal properties including the development of spontaneous neural activity as well as a change in the expression of certain genes in their cell body .Recent data indicating that adjacent, uninjured nerve fibers also exhibit significant changes. These changes are thought to be driven by injury-induced alterations in the milieu surrounding the uninjured nerve and nerve terminals .hus, alteration in neural signaling in both injured and uninjured neurons play a role in the development of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury.