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目的使用文献计量方法,从宏观层面定量分析农村健康主题研究的研究特点,并分析该领域中主要环境危险因素和健康危害的热点研究主题。方法在MEDLINE/Pubmed文献数据库中使用Me SH词“rural health”进行检索,获取农村健康主题的相关文献,下载并定量分析其题录信息和主题词信息。对论文发表年份、发表国家进行词频分析以获得农村健康主题研究的研究特点。选取词频排序前10%的主题词(总计词频占全部主题词词频的85.05%)分析归类至环境危险因素和健康危害。使用主题词共现分析法提炼高频主题词类簇,采用词频标化分析法和回归分析法研究高频主题词的词频分布及变化趋势,以此分析农村环境中主要健康危险因素和健康危害。结果 1948—2013年期间,农村健康研究领域共发表论文20 839篇,发表量呈逐年上升趋势。美国论文发表量占12.16%(2 534篇),我国仅发表相关论文468篇,占2.25%。农村环境危险因素的研究热点为饮水卫生、食品营养、厕所卫生、虫媒暴露、土壤污染、空气污染以及家畜暴露等7方面,主题词水供应、饮食、排泄物、昆虫媒介以及农药等的平均标化频次(NF)较高,依次为2.25%,1.35%,0.78%,0.61%,0.41%,其中饮食、排泄物、昆虫媒介和农药的NF有显著升高趋势(b=0.21,0.16,0.13,0.06,P=0.00)。农村健康危害疾病的研究热点为寄生虫病、呼吸系统疾病、循环系统疾病、精神障碍、性传播疾病、肿瘤、病毒性疾病、妊娠和围产期疾病、口腔疾病、伤害、代谢疾病及营养疾病等12方面,主题词寄生虫病、呼吸道疾病、心血管疾病、精神障碍以及HIV感染等的NF值较高,依次为6.21%,4.47%,2.96%,2.46%,2.33%,其中寄生虫病、心血管疾病、精神障碍以及HIV感染的NF呈显著升高趋势(b=0.97、0.24、0.27、0.79,P=0.00)。结论农村健康问题依旧是全球关注的热点研究领域,我国相关的研究较为薄弱。农村环境危险因素的研究热点集中在饮水卫生、食品营养、厕所卫生等7个方面,健康危害相关的研究热点集中在寄生虫病、呼吸系统疾病、循环系统疾病等12个方面。
Objective To quantitatively analyze the research features of rural health research from a macro perspective using literature measurement methods and to analyze the hot research topics of major environmental risk factors and health hazards in this field. Methods Using the word “rural health” and Me SH word in the MEDLINE / Pubmed literature database, relevant literature on rural health topics was obtained, and its bibliographic information and keyword information were downloaded and quantitatively analyzed. Year of publication of the paper, publish the country’s word frequency analysis to obtain the characteristics of rural health research topic. Select the top 10% word frequency classification of the keyword (total word frequency of 85.05% of the total word frequency) analysis classified to environmental risk factors and health hazards. Using the keyword co-occurrence analysis method to extract the high-frequency keyword clusters, the word frequency distribution and trend of high frequency keywords are studied by using word frequency standardization analysis and regression analysis to analyze the main health risk factors and health hazards in rural environment. Results During the period of 1948-2013, a total of 20 839 papers were published in the field of rural health research and the published volume showed an upward trend year by year. American papers published 12.16% (2 534 articles), while only 468 papers were published, accounting for 2.25%. Rural environmental risk factors for the study of drinking water hygiene, food nutrition, toilet hygiene, insect exposure, soil pollution, air pollution and livestock exposure 7, the keyword water supply, diet, excrement, insect mediators and pesticides, etc. The NFs were higher in the order of 2.25%, 1.35%, 0.78%, 0.61% and 0.41%, respectively. NF in diet, excrement, insecticide and pesticide increased significantly (b = 0.21,0.16, 0.13, 0.06, P = 0.00). The research topics of health hazards in rural areas are parasitic diseases, respiratory diseases, circulatory diseases, mental disorders, sexually transmitted diseases, tumors, viral diseases, pregnancy and perinatal diseases, oral diseases, injuries, metabolic diseases and nutritional diseases In the 12 aspects, the NF values of the keywords parasitic diseases, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, mental disorders and HIV infections were high, followed by 6.21%, 4.47%, 2.96%, 2.46% and 2.33% , Cardiovascular disease, mental disorders and HIV infection showed a significant increase in the NF (b = 0.97,0.24,0.27,0.79, P = 0.00). Conclusion Rural health problems are still the hot research areas of global concern, and the related research in our country is relatively weak. The research focuses on the risk factors of rural environment focus on drinking water hygiene, food nutrition, toilet hygiene and so on. The research focuses on health hazards are concentrated on 12 aspects of parasitic diseases, respiratory diseases and circulatory diseases.