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电离层是复杂的空间层结,其变化受太阳活动强度、地球磁场等因素影响。随着空间技术发展的需求,电离层天气变化成为目前空间天气预报最重要的内容之一。最近10年,人们利用卫星在电离层观测方面取得了重大进展,尤其引人注意的是:无线电掩星观测技术正走向应用的新阶段,加上已经建立的全球大量的地基GPS观测网,它们不仅为电离层动力学模式研究提供了丰富的电离层资料,而且为电离层预报提供了很好基础。因此,电离层天气预报成为当前重要的、前瞻性的研究方向,电离层资料同化是电离层预报最重要的研究内容之一。该文系统介绍这方面国际动态,重点是美国的USC/JPL和犹他州大学开展全球电离层同化模型研究、全球电离层同化研究的进展,以及在电离层天气预报中应用的初步成果。
The ionosphere is a complex spatial stratification that is influenced by the intensity of solar activity and the Earth’s magnetic field. With the development of space technology, the change of ionospheric weather has become one of the most important contents of space weather forecast. In the last 10 years, significant progress has been made in the use of satellites for ionospheric observations. Of particular note is the fact that radio-occultation observation technology is moving towards a new phase of application, together with the established large global foundation-based GPS network of observations that It not only provides rich ionospheric data for ionospheric kinetic model research, but also provides a good foundation for ionospheric prediction. Therefore, the forecast of ionospheric weather has become an important and prospective research direction at present. Data assimilation of ionosphere is one of the most important research contents of ionospheric forecasting. This article systematically introduces the international developments in this area. The emphasis is on the research of the global ionospheric assimilation model, the progress of the global ionospheric assimilation research and the preliminary results of the application in the ionospheric weather forecasting by the USC / JPL and the University of Utah.