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转基因农业技术在全球范围内引发的争议和社会运动,涉及知识产权、民间社会、农村环境和小农、公司控制以及世界粮食体系等方面,国外社会科学界对此进行了大量研究。大体上,对转基因技术的研究涉及政治经济、社会以及文化层面。政治经济层面的研究重点是转基因作物成为全球农业资本主义的衍生物,并加强了对原有体系的不平等关系的讨论;社会层面的讨论集中在对转基因风险治理,科学知识、科学家和公众之间的关系以及社会运动对在农业中应用转基因的影响;在文化层面,各国对转基因存在的风险持有的不同态度与伦理关系和文化差异密不可分。转基因问题的建构是一个持续的过程,是科技在全球化时代被多方利益复杂性建构的必然,与此同时,转基因无论受哪个领域的话语影响又将直接影响利益分配和世界格局。本文不是对转基因安全性的讨论,而是对国外社会科学在转基因领域研究的梳理和评析。
Genetically modified agricultural technologies have been extensively explored in the social sciences abroad by the global community of controversies and social movements that involve intellectual property, civil society, the rural environment and small farmers, corporate control and the world food system. In general, research on genetically modified technologies involves political, economic, social and cultural aspects. At the political and economic level, research has focused on GMOs becoming a derivative of global agricultural capitalism and intensifying discussion of inequalities in the original system; discussions at the social level have focused on risk management of GMO, scientific knowledge, scientists and the public And the impact of social movements on the application of GMOs in agriculture. At the cultural level, the different attitudes countries hold about the risks inherent in GMOs are inextricably linked with ethical relationships and cultural differences. The construction of genetically modified organism is a continuous process, and it is inevitable that science and technology will be constructed by the multi-stakeholder complexity in the age of globalization. At the same time, the transgenics, regardless of the domain of discourse, will directly affect the distribution of benefits and the pattern of the world. This article is not a discussion on the safety of genetically modified organisms, but rather a review and analysis of the researches on foreign social sciences in the field of genetically modified organisms.