一、前言第二次世界大战末期,作为现代武器出现的导弹对以后科学技术的发展产生了巨大的影响。特别是德国研制的弹道导弹V2火箭,无论在理论上还是在技术上都达到了预期目的,预示了战后导弹时代的到来。以人造卫星为出发点,阿波罗计划、宇宙飞船、继而宇宙开发计划都是以V2技术为基础的。火箭的最大特点是,不仅能够在大气层工作,在宇宙空间也能够工作。V2是采用以液氧和酒精为推进剂的液体火箭发动机。液氧温度极低,使用困难,用于 I. Introduction By the end of the Second World War, missiles that have emerged as modern weapons have had a huge impact on the development of science and technology in the future. In particular, the German-made ballistic missile V2 rocket has achieved its intended purpose both in theory and in technology, indicating the arrival of the era of post-war missiles. Starting from artificial satellites, the Apollo Project, the spacecraft and then the universe development plan are all based on the V2 technology. The most important feature of a rocket is that it can not only work in the atmosphere but also work in space. V2 is a liquid rocket engine powered by liquid oxygen and alcohol. Liquid oxygen temperature is very low, difficult to use