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处于寒带地区的机务段,冬季的低温给机车运用带来许多困难。大兴安岭素有高寒禁区之称,我段正处于这高寒禁区的北部,冬季气温常在-40℃以下。在这种高寒地区运用的内燃机车,制动系统反映出一系列不适应低温条件的问题。据资料介绍,冬季在机车运行速度达到50km/h时,车体外部温度可以到-60℃。机车各部件,特别是铸铁件,塑性急剧下降,脆性增大,在外力作用下极易发生破损、断裂。另一方面是压缩空气中所含的水蒸汽分子,由于温度的降低而凝结成水并积聚在管路及各容器中,随着温度的继续下降而凝结成冰,造成管路阻塞及容器胀裂等事故。因此,部件裂损、制动系统积水结冰问题就成了机车的惯性故障。为了解决这些问题,我们采取了以下四项措施以提高机车制动系统的工作可靠性。
In the locomotive depot in the boreal zone, the low temperatures in winter bring many difficulties to locomotive operation. Daxinganling known as the alpine closed said, I paragraph is in the northern cold forbidden zone, the winter temperature is often below -40 ℃. In diesel locomotives used in this alpine region, the braking system reflects a series of problems that are not suitable for low-temperature conditions. According to the information, in winter when the locomotive running speed reaches 50km / h, the outside temperature of the car body can reach -60 ℃. Locomotive parts, especially cast iron, plastic sharp decline, increased brittleness, under the action of external forces prone to damage, fracture. On the other hand, the molecules of water vapor contained in the compressed air condense into water and accumulate in the pipeline and each container due to the decrease of the temperature, condense into ice as the temperature continues to drop, causing pipeline blockage and container swelling Cracking and other accidents. Therefore, the parts cracked, braking system, water and ice became a locomotive inertia failure. In order to solve these problems, we have taken the following four measures to improve the reliability of the locomotive brake system.