探讨了旱地农田不同水肥条件下土壤水分和养分的变化规律,揭示了水和肥及其相互作用对作物养分吸收、水分利用以及生长发育的影响。结果表明,本试验区降水条件下,肥的增产作用占首位。增施N既提高了作物N营养水平,又促进了P的吸收;增施P有利于N的吸收,并可提高土壤P素水平。此外N肥和P肥可分别增强小麦生育前期和后期的耗水,从而促进分蘖和籽实增重。提高土壤水势既增加了作物对N的吸收,又加强了作物对水分的利用,小麦分蘖及籽粒重与水分关系密切。水分不足时,N向籽粒中的转移即会受限,N趋于在基叶和根部中累积,而籽粒中含N量相对减少。对于生长在旱季的小麦来说,水的增产作用是随着施N水平的提高而变得明显,N的适宜用量亦随供水量的增加而提高。 The changes of soil moisture and nutrients under different water and fertilizer conditions in dryland farmland were discussed. The effects of water and fertilizer and their interactions on crop nutrient uptake, water use and growth and development were also discussed. The results showed that under the conditions of precipitation in this experimental area, the increase of fertilizer occupy the first place. Increasing N increased crop N nutrition level and promoted P uptake. Increasing P was beneficial to N uptake and P uptake in soil. In addition N fertilizers and P fertilizers can enhance the water consumption of wheat in the early and late stages of growth, thus promoting tillering and seed weight gain. Increasing the soil water potential not only increases the absorption of nitrogen by crops, but also enhances the crop utilization of water. The tillering of wheat and the grain weight are closely related with the water content. In the absence of water, the transfer of N to the grain is limited, N tends to accumulate in the base leaves and roots, and the amount of N in the grain decreases. For wheat growing in the dry season, the increase of water production becomes obvious with the increase of N application level, and the suitable amount of N also increases with the increase of water supply.