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本文分析了空间飞行器用蓄电池的发展趋势,并且指出了整个八十年代可能选用的蓄电池。据估计,直到八十年代中期,镍-镉蓄电池仍将继续作为空间飞行器的主要能源贮存设备。1977年初,人们就曾论证过镍-氢蓄电池在空间飞行器上的应用价值,估计到八十年代初期,有可能代替镍-镉蓄电池。空间应用的银-氢蓄电池很快就会研制出来,其性能比镍-镉蓄电池和镍-氢蓄电池都更先进。这种蓄电池适用于以损失一些循环寿命为代价来获得较高能量密度的那些场合。为了提高比能量,要求改进镍-镉蓄电池和镍-氢蓄电池中的轻型金属附件和电极板的制造工艺,新型电极板也将改进它们的性能,并且使镍-氢系列蓄电池更适合于近地轨道飞行器的应用。在能源要求超过25千瓦的情况下,大概会采用锂-熔融盐或高温固体电解质蓄电池。
This article analyzes the development trend of batteries for spacecraft applications and points out the batteries that may be used throughout the 1980s. It is estimated that until the mid-1980s, nickel-cadmium batteries will continue to be the main energy storage devices for space vehicles. In early 1977, people have argued that nickel-hydrogen batteries in spacecraft application value, it is estimated that by the early 1980s, it is possible to replace nickel-cadmium batteries. Silver-hydrogen batteries for space applications will soon be developed, and their performance is superior to nickel-cadmium and nickel-hydrogen batteries. Such batteries are suitable for those applications where higher energy densities are achieved at the expense of some cycle life. In order to improve the specific energy and to improve the manufacturing process of light metal attachments and electrode plates in nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries, the new electrode plates will also improve their performance and make the nickel-hydrogen battery more suitable for near-field Orbital aircraft applications. In the case of energy requirements of more than 25 kilowatts, lithium-molten salt or high-temperature solid electrolyte batteries are probably used.