标准化的本质就是控制混杂效应。从理论上说,间接标准化死亡率只能与标准人群的死亡率进行比较。将两个或多个间接标化死亡率或标准死亡比进行相互比较的做法是错误的。但是,在实际研究工作中,如果比较组间混杂因素的分布不是十分悬殊,用两个或多个间接标化死亡率或标准死亡比进行比较所得出的结论与直接标准化法所得到的结论基本一致。 The essence of standardization is to control the promiscuous effect. In theory, the indirect standardized mortality rate can only be compared with that of the standard population. It is a mistake to compare two or more indirectly-normalized death rates or standard death rates. However, in the actual research work, if the distribution of confounding factors between groups is not very different, the conclusions drawn from the comparison between two or more indirect standard death rates or standard death ratios and the conclusion obtained by direct standardization method Consistent.