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本文从文化距离的视角,研究对外直接投资对东道国经济增长的作用,分析文化距离对外资企业的技术溢出动机、东道国的吸收能力以及技术溢出渠道的影响,从而提出文化认同有助于提升中国OFDI东道国经济效应的假说。进一步,本文基于中国对“一带一路”国家2005—2014年国际直接投资跨国面板数据进行了实证检验。结论发现,中国“一带一路”对外直接投资对东道国经济增长起到了良好的推动作用,这种作用在与中国文化距离较为相似的国家表现尤为明显,但对全要素生产率影响不明显。研究还发现,海外华人网络有助于中国企业克服与“一带一路”国家的文化差异,更好发挥技术外溢效应。“一带一路”OFDI要让沿线国家更有效率、更具包容性地增长,必须尊重国家间的文化差异和文明多样性,推动文化贸易和民间人文交流,增进文化互信,构建与当地文化相融合的企业文化。
From the perspective of cultural distance, this paper studies the effect of OFDI on the economic growth of host countries, analyzes the cultural spillover effect on technology spillover of foreign-funded enterprises, the host country’s absorptive capacity and the channel of technology spillover. Therefore, putting forward cultural identification will help enhance China’s OFDI Hypothesis of Economic Effect of Host Country. Further, this paper conducts an empirical test based on China’s cross-border panel data on FDI from 2005 to 2014 in the Belt and Road countries. The conclusion is that FDI in China along the Belt and Road has played a good role in promoting the economic growth in the host country. This effect is particularly evident in countries with similar cultural distances to China, but it has no obvious effect on the total factor productivity. The study also found that overseas Chinese networks help Chinese enterprises overcome the cultural differences with the “Belt and Road” countries and give better play to the technology spillover effect. To bring along more efficient and inclusive growth in the countries along the line, OFDI must respect the cultural differences and the diversity of civilizations among nations, promote cultural trade and cultural exchanges among civilians, enhance mutual trust in culture, and build a harmonious relationship with local cultures The integration of corporate culture.