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目的了解“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”(以下简称“学生营养改善计划”)试点地区学生血清维生素A营养状况,为进一步改善我国贫困农村地区儿童营养健康状况提供基础数据。方法在“学生营养改善计划”覆盖的22个省(直辖市、自治区、新疆建设兵团)50个重点监测县,每县随机抽取小学和初中各2所,再从各年级抽取1~2个班的学生,达到每个年级40人左右。采集空腹静脉血,分离血清,用液相色谱串联质谱仪测定血清维生素A(视黄醇)。结果共测定6~19岁学生11 245名,血清维生素A平均水平为(36.6±12.7)μg/L。血清维生素A缺乏率(<0.7μmol/L)为3.2%,维生素A亚临床缺乏率(0.7~1.05μmol/L)为29.7%,合计为32.9%。小学生维生素A缺乏率(3.9%)高于初中生(1.8%)(χ~2=39.16,P<0.01),西部(3.7%)高于中部(2.4%)(χ~2=14.83,P=0.00),而男生(3.2%)与女生(3.1%)差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.10,P>0.05)。结论 “学生营养改善计划”试点地区学生依然存在一定的维生素A缺乏及亚临床缺乏。应积极采取措施,改善学生维生素A营养状况。
Objective To understand the nutritional status of serum vitamin A in students from pilot areas of “Rural Compulsory Education Student Nutrition Improvement Program” (hereinafter referred to as “Student Nutrition Improvement Program”) to provide basic data for further improving the nutritional status of children in impoverished rural areas in China. Methods In 50 key monitoring counties in 22 provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government, autonomous regions and Xinjiang Construction Corps) covered by the “Student Nutrition Improvement Plan”, each county randomly selected 2 primary schools and 2 junior high schools, and then extracted 1 to 2 Class students reach about 40 in each grade. Fasting venous blood was collected, serum was separated and serum vitamin A (retinol) was determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results A total of 11 245 students aged 6-19 years were measured. The mean level of serum vitamin A was (36.6 ± 12.7) μg / L. Serum vitamin A deficiency (<0.7μmol / L) was 3.2%, vitamin A subclinical deficiency rate (0.7-1.05μmol / L) was 29.7%, a total of 32.9%. The vitamin A deficiency rate in primary school students was 3.9% higher than that in junior high school students (1.8%) (χ ~ 2 = 39.16, P <0.01), that in middle school was 3.7% higher than that in middle school (2.4% 0.00). There was no significant difference between boys (3.2%) and girls (3.1%) (χ ~ 2 = 0.10, P> 0.05). Conclusion Students still lack of vitamin A deficiency and subclinical deficiency in the pilot program of “Student Nutrition Improvement Program”. Should take active measures to improve the nutritional status of vitamin A students.